共享经济视域下竞争政策的完善路径

共享经济作为基于互联网以及智能设备产生的新型经济模式,是以信息技术、定位导航系统、移动支付等创新技术的高度整合为基础,结合共享理念,并付诸商业实践的市场新形态。共享经济的优势在于最大限度发挥闲置资源的价值,加快行业改革的步伐与进程,并通过竞争政策及其机制彰显市场资源配置的最优化和共享经济的价值特征。共享经济相较于传统经济模式具有高技术性、信用依赖性、非占有性的特点,对竞争政策在共享经济领域的适用带来新挑战。在此背景之下传统行业的转型与新型行业或领域的兴起,使整个市场中竞争状况发生巨大变化。从实践角度多方面剖析共享经济企业的实际竞争状况,以共享经济交通行业和共享旅游住宿行业为例归纳共享经济的行业分布情况与企业数量,分别解析共享交通出行行业的平台模式和分时租赁模式的企业数量与产品差异程度,并根据波特竞争模型阐释共享经济行业的整体市场竞争环境。从共享经济的目标功能出发,分析共享经济的定价机制,阐述共享经济中的掠夺性定价行为、横向合并行为、独家交易行为等限制竞争行为的现状和表现形式,挖掘在共享经济视域下三种限制竞争行为规制的难题,提出共享经济视野下竞争政策的具体完善措施:转变竞争政策实施思维,明确竞争政策的优先地位;综合运用竞争政策工具,尤其是公平竞争审查制度的适用;从执法“零容忍”和构建竞争软文化两方面出发,推动竞争执法的常态化;构建合理有效的定价机制,以调动共享经济各方的积极性。

On the Perfection Path of Competition Policy in the Field of Sharing Economy

Sharing economy is a new economic model based on the Internet and smart devices;and it is a new market form that highly integrate innovative technologies of information technology,positioning and navigation systems,mobile payments,and sharing concepts in commercial practice.It demonstrates the optimization of market resources allocation and the value characteristics of sharing economy through competition policies and mechanisms,which maximizes the value of idle resources and accelerates the pace and process of industry reform.However,compared with the traditional economic model,the sharing economy characterized by high technology,credit dependence,and non-ownership,brings new challenges to the application of competition policy in this field.Under this background,the transformation of traditional industries and the emergence of new industries have caused tremendous changes in the competition in the entire market.The author analyzes the actual competition situation of sharing economy enterprises from the perspective of practice,taking the sharing economy transportation industry and sharing tourism accommodation industry as examples,summarizes the industry distribution and the number of manufacturers of sharing economy,respectively analyzes the number of manufacturers and degree of product differentiation of the platform mode and time-sharing leasing mode of sharing transportation industry,and explains the overall competition order environment of sharing economy industry according to Porter’s competition model.Starting from the objective function of sharing economy,the author analyzes the pricing mechanism of sharing economy,and expounds the current situation and manifestations of restrictive competition behaviors in sharing economy such as the predatory pricing behavior,horizontal merger behavior,exclusive transaction behavior,etc.,finds out the difficulties in the regulation of these three restrictive competition behaviors in the field of sharing economy.In view of the above problems,the author proposes the following specific measures to improve competition policies in the sharing economy:first,changing the thinking of competition policy implementation,and clarifying the priority of competition policy;second,comprehensively using the competition policy tools,especially the application of the fair competition review system;third,promoting the normalization of competition law enforcement from“zero tolerance”in law enforcement and construction of soft competition culture;and fourth,building a reasonable and effective pricing mechanism to mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties in the sharing economy.