我国物权法中征收征用制度之理解与评析

《物权法》共有八个条文对征收征用制度予以规定,这些规定对完善我国征收征用制度具有重要意义:(1)首次以民事基本法的形式强调征收原因限于公共利益目的;(2)首次以法律形式确立了征收集体土地时"保障被征地农民生活"的补偿原则;(3)首次对"征收"、"征用"制度予以明确区分;(4)明确了征收个人住宅的补偿原则;(5)首次单独规定了对所有权人之外的关系人的补偿。这些规定为今后制定专门的征收征用法提供了原则性的依据。但《物权法》关于征收征用制度的部分规定也存在一些值得商榷之处,如征收的标的、拆迁补偿的含义和范围等,应通过法律解释或适用予以矫正。

Review of Expropriation and Requisition System in Chinese Real Property Law

Real Property Law contains 8 provisions with reference to expropriation and requisition system, which are of vital importance to improvement of the system: (1) for the first time emphasizing that expropriation is essentially for the interests of the public in the form of Civil Fundamental Law; (2) for the first time confirming the principle of "guaranteeing the living standards of the land-requisitioned farmers" for compensation in the form of law; (3) for the first time making clear distinguish between "expropriation" and "requisition" systems; (4) fixing the compensation principles for expropriating personal residence; (5) for the first time stipulating compensation for stakeholders besides the owner. These provisions provide evidence for constituting special law of expropriation and requisition in the future. Nevertheless, there is still some room left for improving the provisions with respect to object of expropriation, connotation and scope of compensation for removal, etc.