南水北调西线工程若干问题述评

南水北调西线工程规划于2010年开工,然而,论证尚不充分。相关领域的许多专家,特别是长期在该区域工作生活的四川学者,从地质、生态、水利、经济、社会、宗教、替代方案、科学决策机制等方面进行了广泛探讨,汇集为《南水北调西线工程备忘录》,其中尤其对是否存在“安全岛”和“避让”可能、调水量是否可靠、投资预算和运作方式、超乎寻常的移民难度和文物保护难度、西线调水与国家能源战略和生态安全、全局利益和替代方案、公平性和科学决策机制等问题,提出了令人震撼的质疑和结论,专家们还提出应从源头治理生态、恢复若尔盖湿地功能、调整工业布局、加大中线调水(重庆开县小江调水方案)、长江黄河水电互济等多方面来缓解北方缺水,并认为,西线工程不仅仅是技术工程,而且是社会工程,科学决策应包括广泛征求各界专家和老百姓意见。本文的作者作为《南水北调西线工程备忘录》编者之一,就该书对南水北调西线工程涉及的这些重大问题进行综述和探讨,希望西线工程论证和决策能够更加科学,尽可能避免和降低风险。

On Some of the Issues in Water for Northern China Engineering

The West Line of South-to-North Water Diversion Project is planned to start construction in 2010, however, the demonstration on the Project is not sufficient. Many experts in related fields, particularly the Sichuan scholars who long-term live and work in the region make wide discussions from the broad perspectives of geology, ecology, water conservation, economy, society, religion, alternative schemes, and scientific decision-making mechanism. These discussions are compiled into a book Memorandum of the West Line of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. In this Memorandum, the experts propose astounding queries and conclusions especially on many issues such as whether there exists "safety island" and " evasive region ", whether the diverted water volume is reliable, the investment budget and the operation mode, the extraordinary immigration difficulty and cultural relics preservation difficulty, the relationship between west line scheme and national energy strategy and ecological security, the interests of the whole and alternative schemes, and fairness and scientific policy-making mechanism. The experts also propose to alleviate the water shortage in the North from various ways including governing the ecology from the headstream, restoring the Nuoergai Wetland, adjusting the industrial layout, enlarging the diversion water volume from middle line (Chongqing Kai County Xiao Jiang Water Diversion Plan), and the mutual allocation of water power between Yangtze River and Yellow River. They believe that the west line project is not only a technical engineering, but also a social project; the scientific decision-making should solicit the opinions from experts of all walks of life and the ordinary people widely. This paper is mainly based on the book and makes comprehensive discussions on the important issues involved in the West Line of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The paper hopes that the demonstration and decision-making of the Project will be more scientific and the project risks are avoided or reduces as low as possible.