居民幸福视域下我国乡村旅游高质量发展测度及影响因素识别

目的 居民幸福感是乡村旅游高质量发展的终极目标，文章从环境、经济、社会3个维度构建居民幸福视域下乡村旅游高质量发展的测度体系。方法 文章基于改进熵值法（Improved Entropy Method，IEM）、决策试验与评估实验室法（Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory，DEMATEL）、解释结构模型法（Interpretative Structural Modeling Method，ISM）3种方法组合对我国乡村旅游高质量发展进行测度、识别影响因素、找出传导路径。结果 （1）居民幸福视域下我国乡村旅游高质量发展水平普遍偏低，且呈现出明显的区域差异；（2）卫生环境、客源市场、自然资源、文化资源是根源影响因素，产业规模、旅游接待能力、品牌建设是深层影响因素，环境治理、吸纳就业能力、乡村建设、服务设施投入是中层影响因素，生态环境、乡村交通设施、乡村居民收入、信息服务、社会服务是表层影响因素；（3）找到了影响因素开启各要素间影响的3条传导路径。结论 居民幸福视域下的乡村旅游高质量发展是点线结合调控的结果，即在改善各关键影响因素的同时，沿着主导传递路径实施对关键结果因素的良性影响。

MEASUREMENT AND KEY-FACTORS IDENTIFICATION IN HIGH-QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM IN CHINA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RESIDENTS' HAPPINESS

The ultimate goal of high quality development of rural tourism is to create happiness for residents in rural tourism destinations. Based on the perspective of residents'' happiness, this study constructed an evaluation system for the high-quality development of rural tourism from three dimensions: environment, economy and society. This study applied the combination method of improved entropy-Dematel-ISM to measure the high quality development of rural tourism in China, identify the main influencing factors and analyze the functional paths of these factors affecting the high quality development of rural tourism. The results were showed as follows. (1) The high quality development level of rural tourism based on the perspective of residents'' happiness was generally low and the spatial differences were obvious. (2) From the perspective of influencing factors, health environment, tourist market, natural resources and cultural resources were the root factors influencing the high-quality development of rural tourism. Industry scale, tourism reception capacity and brand building were the deep influencing factors of high quality development of rural tourism. Environmental governance, employability, rural construction and service facility input were the middle-level influencing factors for the high-quality development of rural tourism. Ecological environment, rural transportation facilities, rural residents'' income, information services and social services were the surface influencing factors of the high-quality development of rural tourism. (3) There was an interaction between the influencing factors at different levels, and three dominant transmission paths were found from the key causes. The high-quality development of rural tourism from the perspective of residents'' happiness can be realized by regulating the influencing factors through the dominant transmission path system.