英国电信产业的放松管制和对主导运营商BT的再管制

自 1 980年起 ,英国电信产业先后实施了邮政、电信分离 ,建立独立的管制机构 ,对开放市场准入和私有化以后仍然居于主导地位的运营商———英国电信公司 (BT)实施包括价格上限管制在内的一系列管制 ,促进了英国电信产业向竞争性结构的转化。目前 ,我国电信产业同样面临着放松管制以及放松管制以后如何重组和再管制主导运营商的棘手难题。本文拟对英国电信产业 2 0余年的改革经验进行比较系统的回顾和评析 ,以期对我国电信产业的下一步改革有所启示。

Liberalization & deregulation on UK telecommunications and regulation on dominant firm BT

Since the early 1980s, British Government initiatives to liberalize telecommunications market have ensured the establishment of a highly sophisticated and rapidly moving industry. The process started with the decision to divide and privatize the General Post Office (GPO) in 1980, creating a new entity called British Telecom (BT). In 1984, the Office of Telecommunications (OFTEL) was established. OFTEL is the regulator for the UK Telecommunications industry. The main way OFTEL regulates is through monitoring and enforcing the conditions in all telecommunications licenses in the UK. OFTEL also initiates modifications to these license conditions. Britain has the most open telecommunications market in the world. As a result of liberalization, a process requiring massive investment from major British and international companies has positioned this industry as a world-leader in terms of diversity and speed of uptake of domestic and business services. This paper reviews the UK experience and the lessons for China in which is facing the problem of restructuring and reforming its telecommunications.