An analysis of the spillover effects of exchange-traded funds

This article used the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity-Autoregressive Moving Average (GARCH-ARMA) and the exponentially Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity-Autoregressive Moving Average (EGARCH-ARMA) models to study the impact of the spillover and the leverage effects on returns and volatilities of stock index and Exchange Trade Fund (ETF) for developed and emerging markets. Previous unexpected returns for developed and emerging markets which have an opposite influence pattern on ETFs’ returns were identified. The spillover effects from returns are excellent for Hong Kong, followed by Singapore. Meanwhile, Taiwan's stock index return was recorded to have a strong negative impact on ETF return. Notably, this article shows that the spillover effects on stock index and ETF volatilities existed with bilateral influences. Despite a strong positive asymmetric volatility effect in Korea's ETF market, the leverage effect appears to play important roles in the explanation of both stock index and ETF returns.