中国地方政府的社会性支出：效率及其决定因素

本文采用二阶段DEA—Tobit模型核算并解释了我国地方政府的社会性支出效率，主要发现是：（1）地方政府的各项社会性支出效率存在明显的地区差距，但地区差距正在逐步缩小，其中，中部地区的卫生和教育支出效率最高，东部地区的社会保障支出效率最高，西部地区的各项支出效率均最低，而总社会性支出效率最高的是东部地区；（2）总体而言，由于地方政府支出无效率导致的社会性公共产品的损失量大约占现有生产环境和技术条件下潜在产出量的10．8％；（3）政府规模、行政腐败、收入差距和人均GDP等环境因素是降低社会性支出效率的变量，而教育水平、城市化率和人口规模等环境因素则是提高社会性支出效率的变量，当然，各环境变量对分项社会性支出效率的影响也存在一定差异。

The Social Expenditure of China’s Local Governments : Efficiency and It’s Determinants

In this paper, we investigate the efficiency of local governments’ social expenditure in China, and find that: there is commonly inefficiency of social expenditure among local governments, and cause to lose about 12% potential outputs; there are remarkable differences of expenditure efficiencies among eastern, central and western regions, namely, the expenditure efficiencies of public health and education are relatively higher in central region, social security relatively higher in eastern region, and western region is relatively lower in each category; the expenditure efficiency is positively relating to the citizens’ education level, urbanization, and population, while negatively relating to the government’s scale, corruption and income disparity.