制度变迁与农民身份的变迁——城市农民工及其市民化问题的制度分析

我国关于城乡关系的制度变迁和农民身份的变迁是一个互动的过程。我国农村富余劳动力向城市和非农产业的转移采取了一种扭曲的形式,即农民工形式,由农民变为农民工,这体现了制度变迁的进步,但农民工不能顺利转变为市民又带来了许多社会问题,这说明已经进行的制度变迁很不彻底,当前制度变迁仍面临艰巨的困难。但中国的问题依然是农民问题,从长远的和宏观的视野分析,解决农民问题的根本出路是加快农业剩余劳动力向城市转移,并实现城市农民工市民化,为此,我们不但不能被困难所阻扰,而且更要迎难而上,进一步深化改革,从制度层面消除不利于农民工真正向现代化的市民转化的政策因素。

Institution Evolution and Farmer's Identity Transforming:A Study on Farmers-turned Workers and the Way to Get Their Citizenship

Farmers turn to workers which shows the progresses achieved in the evolution of the institution itself.However, the institution is still not perfect and complete,and there are many obstacles to overcome,for example,the farmer-turned workers cannot easily get their citizenship,which will induce many social problems.This paper begins from the reciprocal relation of the transforming of farmers'identity and the institution evolution,then analyzes the way of farmers-turned work- ers to get their citizenship.