产业集群的组织性质:属性与内涵

产业集群是一种中间性体制组织,企业间交易的不确定性、交易频率和资产专用性的不同匹配,决定了产业集群组织存在的效率边界。从不同的角度看,产业集群具有不同的组织内涵。具体而言,从制度经济学的角度看,产业集群是一种介于纯市场和科层之间的中间性体制组织;从组织生态学的角度看,产业集群是一个产业种群生态系统;而从创新经济学的角度看,产业集群又是一个具有柔性生产性质的地方企业网络系统和区域创新系统。因此,产业集群的竞争优势是相对的,集群战略不应成为地方惟一的产业战略。

Organizational Nature of Industrial Cluster:Property and Connotation

Industrial cluster is a kind of interim organization-institution. Different types of matching between the uncertainty of exchange, frequency of exchange, and specificity of asset, determines the efficiency boundary within which industrial cluster organization exists. Industrial cluster has different organization connotation when studying from different angles. Specifically speaking, industrial cluster is a kind of interim organization-institution lies between pure market organization and hierarchy organization when studying from the angle of institutional economics. When studying from the angle of organizational ecology, industrial cluster is a kind of industry population ecosystem. While studying from the angle of innovation economics, industrial cluster is a kind of regional enterprise network system and regional innovation system which has the property of flexible production. Therefore, the competition advantage of industrial cluster is a relative concept, and the cluster strategy should not be the only effective industry developing strategy for one region.