Public transit accessibility approach to understand the equity for public healthcare services: A case study of Greater Mumbai |
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| Institution: | 1. GIS Research Centre, Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research, Data and Methods (WISERD), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK;2. Farr Institute, College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science 2 (ILS2), Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;1. Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, The University of Western Ontario, Social Sciences Centre, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada;2. Department of Geography and Environment, The University of Western Ontario, Social Sciences Centre, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada;3. Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Natural History Building, 1301 W Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;4. Department of Geography and Resource Management and Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;5. Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;6. Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics and Smart Cities Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong;7. College of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China |
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| Abstract: | Urban public health is one of the most critical yet neglected aspects of urban planning in developing countries such as India. Inequity in access to government healthcare facilities affects the overall urban population and can substantially negatively impact the vulnerable population, who mostly rely on government healthcare services. In this paper, the accessibility measure for healthcare services by public transport is developed using travel time and the number of transit stops (accounting for transit connectivity) for Greater Mumbai. We also identified socially vulnerable wards (administrative units) using a Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), developed based on 16 indicators using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Developed regression models showed that the proposed accessibility measure explains the coverage and usage of healthcare services better than the traditional accessibility measure, which is based on only aggregate level travel time impedances. South Mumbai has relatively better accessibility for public hospitals and dispensaries, whereas, lower level of accessibility is observed in the eastern part for public healthcare services. Assessment for the spatial inequity based on the Gini index, bivariate Moran's I, and mean access value reveals a higher degree of spatial inequity for accessing government hospitals for the slum population. The study developed a decision framework to suggest effective policy measures, which can be prioritised based on SVI to reduce the disparity in the spatial distribution of accessibility to government healthcare systems for vulnerable groups. Our findings can aid transportation and urban planners, health researchers, and policymakers to improve accessibility in under-served areas and give special attention to the needs of the vulnerable population. |
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