战略管理情境下的生态系统：一个动态过程整合模型

生态系统构建与管理是企业保持持续行业竞争优势的战略选择。现有研究对生态系统概念定义与特征阐释存在巨大争议：部分学者强调战略管理情境下的商业生态系统与创新生态系统概念相互独立；而另一部分学者认为两者不存在明显差异，并在研究中交替使用两个概念。基于关键文献评论方法，这一争议得到了调和。从静态角度看，商业生态系统区别于创新生态系统，前者强调系统成员价值共创过程，后者强调系统成员价值共取过程。但两者具有概念互补性：无论商业生态系统还是创新生态系统都可统一于系统生命周期和价值过程中。因此，从动态过程视角分析，战略管理情境下的生态系统着力于价值主张、价值共创、价值共享、价值分配以及价值共取；生态系统的价值过程在系统初创期、扩张期、成熟期以及衰落/复苏期具有不同的演化特征。未来相关研究可从历史演变角度，结合多学科视角，深化对生态系统概念演变规律的认识。

The Ecosystem Concept in Strategic Management Research: An Integrated Dynamic Process Model

However,different definitions and inconsistent features in prior literature cause a debate on conceptual boundaries between two seminal concepts: business ecosystem and innovation ecosystem.Some scholars argue both are different.The former concept focuses on value co-capture,while the latter relates more to value co-creation.While a set of other researchers take two seminal concepts as the same and apply both interchangeably.To this end,a critical review might be proper to moderate foregoing conceptual debate.Based on qualitative content analysis,first,our findings support that business ecosystem differentiates innovation ecosystem.In a static view,the business and innovation ecosystem relates to value co-capture and co-creation respectively.Second,from a dynamic process perspective,such two seminal concepts have complementary relationships.We find very recent scholars define ecosystems without business or innovation prefix,and especially place an emphasis on ecosystem evolutionary and value process features.Based on these observations,we construct a conceptual model by integrating ecosystem's value process and evolutionary dynamisms.Therefore,we conclude that ecosystem should be conceptualized as an inter-organizational community,which focuses on value process from value propositions,value co-creation,value sharing,value distribution,and to final value capture.In addition,such value process shows evolutionary features in different developmental stages.Finally,we in particular point out that future studies can deepen our understanding of evolutionary features of ecosystem concept by adopting a longer historical perspective and by integrating existing knowledge from multi-disciplines.