Technology,community and water supply: Case studies in KwaZulu and Transkei

The collection of water for domestic use In rural areas is a critical problem throughout the underdeveloped world. Traditional surface water sources are often far from the household, provide poor quality water and are susceptible to the effects of drought or dry periods. Village water supply schemes that have been implemented in KwaZulu and Transkei are evaluated according to their ability to provide an adequate and reliable supply of good quality water and reduce the burden of water collection. It is concluded that the inadequacy and unreliability of handpump schemes in KwaZulu, and the unreliability of windpump schemes in Transkei is due to inappropriate technology choices and the failure of water supply planners in these areas to address the community context of water supply schemes. The community considerations that must be taken into account include the establishment of communication links between villages and administrative services, the water needs of the community and the provision of village level servicing and maintenance facilities for appropriate water supply technologies.