草原生态保护补奖政策下牧区肉牛养殖生产率增长及收敛性分析

草原生态保护补奖政策在促进草原生态保护的同时,将逐步转变牧区牧业生产发展方式,由此将对牧区牧业生产效率产生一定影响。本研究运用Malmquist指数与收敛模型,实证分析了草原生态保护补奖政策实施区专业育肥和专业繁育肉牛养殖的全要素生产率及收敛性。结果显示,2009—2017年,专业育肥场户TFP增长率总体保持增长态势,TFP增长率年均水平为1. 8%,技术效率增长率为-0. 4%,技术进步增长率为2. 2%,技术进步是推动TFP增长的主要因素,5省区中肉牛专业育肥场户TFP平均为0. 991。草原生态保护补奖政策实施以来,专业育肥场户肉牛养殖全要素生产率增长明显。专业繁育场户TFP增长率总体呈波动态势,多数年份为负,TFP增长率年均水平为-5. 0%,技术效率增长率为-0. 1%,技术进步增长率为-4. 9%,技术进步、技术效率均是延缓TFP增长的主要因素,5省区中肉牛专业繁育场户TFP平均为0. 900。专业育肥场户肉牛养殖生产率不存在σ收敛,短期还会存在生产率地区差异,专业繁育场户肉牛养殖生产率存在σ收敛,生产率区域差异会逐步缩小。专业育肥场户肉牛养殖生产率、专业繁育场户肉牛养殖生产率均呈条件β收敛,各区域均在自身的稳态水平收敛。

Research on Beef Cattle Total Factor Productivity Growth and Convergence in the Context of Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidy Policy

The grassland ecological protection subsidy policy could promote the ecological protection of grassland,and transform the development mode of pastoral husbandry production.Therefore,it will have a certain effect on the production efficiency of pastoral husbandry. This paper uses Malmquist index and convergence model to analyze the total factor productivity and convergence of beef cattle fattening and breeding in the area with grassland ecological protection subsidy policy.The results show that the growth rate of TFP overall in the field of professional fattening keeps increased from 2009 to 2017.The average annual growth rate of TFP is 1.8%,and the growth rate of technical efficiency and technical progress is-0.4% and 2.2%.The growth rate of technical progress is the key factor driving TFP growth.The average TFP of beef cattle in the province is 0. 991. the total factor productivity of beef cattle fattening in professional farms has increased significantly due to the implementation of grassland ecological protection subsidy policy.Professional breeding TFP growth rate overall is fluctuating,negative in most of the year.The average annual TFP growth rate is-5.0%,and the growth rate of technological efficiency and technical progress is-0.1% and-4.9%. The technical progress and technical efficiency are the main factors slowing the TFP growth.The average TFP of beef cattle professional breeding is 0.900.The professional fattening cattle farming productivity does not converge,and regional differences of productivity still exist in short term.The professional breeding cattle farming productivity has convergence performance with narrowing regional differences on productivity.The productivity of beef cattle and fattening cattle breeding in the professional breeding field show conditional convergence,and the provinces and regions are converging in their own steady state level.