第三方物流企业演进及其经济学含义——以宝供物流企业集团为例

第三方物流企业的发展具有一定规律,最初只是普通的储运企业,提供以运输和仓储为主的传统物流服务,与客户一般是短期的交易关系;后来逐渐发展成为第三方物流企业,提供综合物流服务,与客户一般是中短期的合约关系;之后又发展成为领先物流企业,不仅提供物流服务,而且为客户管理所有的物流服务、物流服务商和物流流程,与客户一般是中长期的合约关系,双方共担风险;最后,发展成为第四方物流企业,成为客户的供应链管理者,与客户之间是长期的合作伙伴关系。文章提出,企业从自营物流业务、物流业务分散外包到物流业务内部整合再到整合物流业务整体外包的过程是分工演进的结果,在规模经济和学习曲线的共同作用下,第三方物流企业不断演进,从传统储运企业发展到第四方物流企业。

The Evolution of the Third-Party Logistics and Its Theoretical Explanation--Based on PGL Case

Based on the history of PGL, the author analyzes the evolution trend of third-party logistics (3PL). 3PL develops from traditional stock and transportation companies, and will develop to the fourth-party logistics. The evolution is explained with the theory of labor division, economies of scale, and learning curve. The author points out that relationship between third-party logisitics, fourth-party logistics and customers is contract relationship. And relationship between leading logistics enterprises and other 3PL is also contract relationship. At last, the multi-level transaction relationship in the logistics service is analyzed.