出口需求变动、创新活动对中国出口企业国际市场势力的影响研究

文章将创新函数引入一般均衡方程，构建加成率、生产成本、市场规模、竞争参数、创新投资为一体的模型，由此得出出口需求变动、创新活动冲击企业加成率的理论命题。而后，基于中国工业企业数据库、中国海关数据库、联合国商品贸易数据库的匹配数据对理论命题进行实证检验。得到的研究结论是：出口需求变动导致的竞争增加对企业加成率的提高存在负向效应，而企业的高生产效率和创新活动在较大程度上能弱化这一负向冲击，但初始生产率较低企业的创新活动并不能有效削弱竞争带来的负向冲击，初始生产率较高的企业能否通过创新活动最终完全削弱竞争的负效应则具有不确定性；从要素密集度、地区、贸易方式的比较分析发现，技术密集型和资本密集型企业，以及东部地区企业和一般贸易类型的企业，其各自的加成率受需求变动的负向影响较小，受创新活动的正向影响较大。

Shck Effect of Demand Shift and Innovation Activity on the International Market Power of Chinese Export Enterprises

In this paper, we first develop an integrated theoretical model including markup, production cost, market scale, competitive parameter and innovation investment by introducing the innovation function into the general equilibrium model, and carries out the theoretical proposition of export demand change and innovation activity impact markup. Then we empirically test these theoretical propositions based on the matching data of China industrial enterprises database-China customs database-United Nations commodity trade database. The results indicate that the increase of competition caused by the shift of export demand has a negative impact on the enterprise markup, while the high production efficiency and innovation activities of enterprises can largely weaken the negative impact. But the innovation activities of enterprises with low initial productivity cannot effectively weaken the negative impact brought by competition, and it is uncertain for whether enterprises with high initial productivity can completely weaken the negative effect of competition through innovation activities. Further comparative analysis from the perspective of factor density, region, and mode of trade show that, for the firms with technology-intensive and capital-intensive, locating in the eastern region, and conducting general trade, their markups are less affected by the negative impact of demand changes and more affected by the positive impact of innovation activities.