企业异质性、劳动力异质性与技能工资差距

文章提出研究假设，构建理论模型，揭示了企业异质性、劳动力异质性对技能工资差距的影响机理；基于中国工业企业微观数据，对企业异质性、劳动力异质性与技能工资差距的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明：(1)企业异质性对技能工资差距有显著的影响。其中企业绩效越好、创新能力越强、生产率水平越高、外资参与度越高，则技能工资差距越大。出口企业与体制内企业存在明显的技能工资溢价。(2)劳动力异质性对技能工资差距有显著的影响。其中男性占比越高、受教育年限越长、技能型员工占比与技术型员工占比越高，则技能工资差距越大；人力资本异质性进一步扩大了性别技能工资差距。(3)劳动力异质性与企业异质性交互项对技能工资差距有显著的影响。其中技能型员工占比扩大了狭义技能工资差距，技术型员工占比进一步扩大了广义技能工资差距，广义技能工资差距大于狭义技能工资差距。在此基础上提出了具有一定参考价值的政策建议，并对未来的研究方向进行展望。

Enterprise Heterogeneity,Labor Heterogeneity and Skill Wage Gap

This paper reveals the influence mechanism of enterprise heterogeneity and labor heterogeneity on the skill wage gap by putting forward the research hypothesis and constructing the theoretical model. Based on the micro data of China's industrial enterprises, this paper empirically tests the impact of labor heterogeneity and enterprise heterogeneity on the gap of skill wage. The results of research are as follows. First of all, enterprise heterogeneity has significant influence on skill wage gap. Among them, the better the enterprise performance, the stronger the innovation ability, the higher the productivity level, the higher the participation of foreign capital, and the bigger the skill wage gap. Export enterprises and non-export enterprises have obvious skill wage premium. Second, the labor heterogeneity has a significant impact on the skill wage gap. The higher the proportion of male workers, the longer the years of education, the higher the proportion of skilled workers and technical employees, the greater the skill wage gap. The heterogeneity of human capital further widens the gender skill wage gap. Third, the interaction between labor heterogeneity and enterprise heterogeneity has a significant influence on skill wage gap. Among them, the proportion of skilled workers expands the narrow skill wage gap. The proportion of technical employees further expands the broad skill wage gap. The broad skill wage gap is larger than the narrow skill wage gap. On this basis, some policy suggestions are put forward with certain value for reference and outlook on the future research.