略论传统文人艺术视角的挪移及明清士商关系的变化

十四世纪以前，传统文人对商人及其经营活动往往不屑一顾，极少在诗文作品中提及。明中叶以后，空前活跃的商品经济使农业为本、商业为末、士居高住、商列下等的思维定势有所改变，“商”取得高于“农工”而与“士”并列的地位。传统文人开始关注商人集团，诗文作品较多地表现了商业经营活动、商人的才干和价值，以及商人对文化艺术事业的推动等内容。这一变化生动地反映了明清士商关系由相互对立到渗透、融合的过程，具有深刻的文化认知价值。

On the Change of the Traditional Scholars' Artistic Viewpoint and the Change of the Relationship between Scholars and Merchants of Ming and Qing Dynasty

Before the 14th Century,traditional scholars always looked down on merchants and their businesses which were scarcely concerned about in their poetry and prose.After the mid Ming Dynasty,unprecedented active commodity economy changed the traditional viewpoint that agriculture is fundamental,commerce is incidental,and scholars are noble,merchants are humble.So the merchants got the social status that is similar with scholars and higher than the farmers and workers.Traditional scholars began to pay attention ...