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Environmental evaluation of agri-environment schemes using participatory approaches: Experiences of testing the Agri-Environmental Footprint Index
Authors:Alice L. MauchlineSimon R. Mortimer,Julian R. Park,John A. FinnKaren Haysom,Duncan B. WestburyGordon Purvis,Geertrui Louwagie,Greg Northey,Jø  rgen PrimdahlHenrik Vejre,Lone Sø  derkvist KristensenKasper Vind Teilmann,Jens Peter VesteragerKarlheinz Knickel,Nadia KasperczykKatalin Balá  zs,Lá  szló   PodmaniczkyGeorge Vlahos,Stamatios Christopoulos,Laura Krö  gerJyrki Aakkula,Anja Yli-Viikari
Affiliation:a School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
b Teagasc, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
c School of Agriculture, Food Science & Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
d Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
e Institute for Rural Development Research (IfLS) at Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Zeppelinallee 31, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
f Institute of Environmental and Landscape Management, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, H-2103 Gödöllö, Hungary
g Dept of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
h MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Finland
i European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Agriculture and Life Sciences in the Economy Unit, Ed. Expo - Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
Abstract:
The Agri-Environment Footprint Index (AFI) has been developed as a generic methodology to assess changes in the overall environmental impacts from agriculture at the farm level and to assist in the evaluation of European agri-environmental schemes (AES). The methodology is based on multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and involves stakeholder participation to provide a locally customised evaluation based on weighted environmental indicators. The methodology was subjected to a feasibility assessment in a series of case studies across the EU. The AFI approach was able to measure significant differences in environmental status between farms that participated in an AES and non-participants. Wider environmental concerns, beyond the scheme objectives, were also considered in some case studies and the benefits for identification of unintentional (and often beneficial) impacts of AESs are presented. The participatory approach to AES evaluation proved efficient in different environments and administrative contexts. The approach proved to be appropriate for environmental evaluation of complex agri-environment systems and can complement any evaluation conducted under the Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. The applicability of the AFI in routine monitoring of AES impacts and in providing feedback to improve policy design is discussed.
Keywords:Evaluation   Participatory approach   Agriculture   Multi-criteria analysis   Agri-environment scheme   Policy assessment
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