中国农村土地制度变迁与农用地、建设用地市场培育

中国农村土地制度经历了农民私有、集体所有和集体所有家庭承包三个阶段。当前,由于受城乡二元土地制度的约束,使得中国农村土地生产要素的流动,还不可能按照市场经济规律运行,广大农民群众还无法充分享受土地市场化所带来的经济增长成果,这就必然制约农民收入的持续增长,也不利于城乡差别的缩小。这就存在着如何因势利导地培育土地承包经营权流转市场以及逐步建立城乡统一的建设用地市场问题。

The Evolution of the land system in rural China and the market cultivation of land for farming and construction

The land system in rural China undergoes three forms of the private ownership, the collective ownership and the household responsibility system （HRS）. Because of the restraints of the urban-rural dualistic land system, the exchange of the factors of production in rural China cannot operate according to the laws of the market economy. The farmers cannot share the economic growth of the land market, which limits the increase of the farmer＇s income and remains the urban-rual difference. Here exist the issues of cultivating the circulation market of the managerial rights of land and a unified market of the land for construction.