非农就业对家庭营林劳动力投工女性化的影响研究

根据劳动力转移新经济学理论和家庭内部劳动力分工理论,基于2018年浙江省14个县(市)681户营林调查户样本数据,运用Tobit模型分析了非农就业对营林劳动力女性化的影响。结果表明:非农就业对女性劳动力单位面积营林投工量和女性营林投工比例具有显著正向影响;非农就业对不同林种营林投入女性化有明显差异,对经济林农户家庭营林投工女性化有显著正向影响,而对用材林农户家庭营林投工女性化作用不明显。提出完善农村劳动力社会保障制度;加强农村女性劳动力营林生产技能培训;发挥女性劳动力的营林生产优势等建议。

Study on the Impact of Non-agricultural Employment on the Feminization of Family Forestry Labor Forces

⑴ Background——The acceleration of the process of industrialization and urbanization caused changes of labor structure of traditional agriculture and forestry in mountainous areas.Under the background of accelerating off-farm employment,analyzing the feminization trend of forestry labor force in collective forest areas in southern China is of great practical significance for comprehensively understanding the changes in the position and role of female labor force in the development of forestry in mountain areas and verifying the division of labor force in families and the changes in the structure of forestry labor force brought about by it.⑵ Methods——Based on the sample data of 681 forestry households in 14 counties(cities)of Zhejiang Province in 2018,the Tobit model was used to analyze the impact of off-farm employment on the feminization of forestry labor force in the framework of the theory of new economics of labor migration and division of labor within the family,and multiple linear diagnosis was carried out on each variable before the model was used.And the IV Tobit model was used to solve the endogenous problem in the model by taking "ratio of off-farm laborers at the village" as instrumental variable.⑶ Results——①The average forestry income of economic forest family was 41,000 yuan higher than that of timber forest family and non-agricultural employment family of average female labor force investment in forest management per unit area is 40.09 working days/hm2 higher than that of agricultural employment family.②The comprehensive effect of off-farm employment has a significant positive impact on the forest investment of female labor force at the 5% statistical level.③The remittance effect of off-farm employment has a significant negative impact on the forest investment of female labor force at the 5% statistical level.④The loss of male labor force in the family has a significant positive impact on the forest investment of female labor force at the 1% statistical level,which is the main reason for the increase of female labor force in rural families.⑤Under the background of off-farm employment,the female labor force of economic forest family is more obvious than that of timber forest family.That is to say,compared with timber forest,the phenomenon of feminization of forestry labor force in economic forest management and production is more prominent.⑥Even if the endogenous problem is taken into account,the impact of off-farm employment on the forest investment of female labor force in rural households is still very robust.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——Firstly,the government should improve the rural medical insurance system and the home-based pension system to improve the enthusiasm of female labor force in forest investment.Secondly,the government should increase the training of forestry production skills for rural female labor force to improve the quality of female labor force.Finally,we should make clear the advantages of female labor force in forestry production and promote the development of forestry economy.From the point of view of increasing the income of forest farmers and promoting the employment of female labor force in forest areas,it is more suitable for the majority of rural female labor force to participate in the economic forest management.