社会-生态系统视角下商品林赎买政策参与意愿的影响因素分析

基于福建省沙县、顺昌、武平及武夷山的实地调研数据,利用“社会-生态”系统制度分析框架分析林农政策参与意愿的影响因素,并根据影响人类行为选择的7种制度规则,对实证结果进行深入分析。结果表明:赎买政策的公平性和林农的生态保护意识程度对林农参与意愿有正向影响;资源单位中“人均林地面积”及使用者系统中“林地距城镇中心的距离”等变量对林农的参与意愿有反向影响。因此,提出地方政府应从7种规则背后的制度设计入手,动态调整赎买价格;科学合理制定赎买条件与流程,明晰产权和信息公开;引入有效的激励性政策工具,促进各类林业经济合作组织等中间机构的成立,形成多元化治理的政策网络,促进村民环境保护行动的常态化等建议。

Analysis on the Willingness to Participate in the Redemption Policy of Commodity Forest from the Perspective of Social-ecological System

⑴Background——In order to solve the contradiction between the economic interests of forest foresters and the needs of ecological protection,the policy,redemption of key ecological location commercial forests,has been carried out in Fujian Province from 2015.However,in the survey,it is found that the willingness to participate of foresters is low.The main reasons are the lack of awareness of policies,the low price of redemption and the existence of wait-and-see attitude.⑵Methods——In 2018,the field investigation on the subordinate villages of Wuyishan city,Shaxian county,Shunchang city and Wuping city is conducted,and 246 questionnaires in 4 case points using participation observation,focus interview and questionnaire surveys are obtained,among which 73 are in Shunchang county,51 are in Sha county,70 are in Wuping county and 52 are in Wuyishan city.⑶Results——The location of forest land affects the dependence of forest farmers on forests,which in turn affects foresters'willingness to participate in the redemption policy.The farther away from the town center,the dependence on forest resources is greater,their willingness to participate is lower.But foresters who were very far away from town centers relied less on the forests.The reason foresters choose to or not to participate is because the purchase price is lower than the market price and they can wait for the rise of the price in the future.The scale of forest land and the clarity of property rights exclude some forest farmers who are willing to participate.Those foresters whose contracted management right of forested lands has expired and trees have reached the cutting term are the direct objects of the policy and have a higher willingness to participate,but due to the restriction of the government's operating term,they cannot participate.Improving information transparency and promoting the credibility of the government will help increase the willingness of forest farmers to participate.In the process of piloting the commercial forest redemption policy in various places,different ways are adopted to determine the redemption price.However,the foresters generally reflect that the redemption price of forest land is low and the price evaluation process is not clear.Besides,the evaluation of forestland output is too low and the compensation is insufficient to make up.Therefore,foresters'willingness to participate is low.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Firstly,the redemption policy should take into account the long-term transformation of forest farmers'income and consider improving their relative poverty,and mobilizing the social forces and the enthusiasm of forest farmers for afforestation.Moreover,it should help reduce the resistance of reforms,and upgrade foresters'income capital and reduce vulnerability.Finally,the local government should dynamically adjust the redemption price,and establish the conditions and procedures for redemption scientifically and reasonably.Besides,local government should clarify the property rights,make the information transparent,and promote the establishment of intermediate institutions such as various forestry economic cooperation organizations.What’s more,local government should also introduce effective incentive policy tools to form a diversified management policy network,and play the role of informal system to promote the normalization of villagers'environmental protection actions.