黑龙江国有林区改革及其对天保工程的影响研究

课题组在国有林区长期跟踪调查的基础上,以黑龙江省通北林业局为例,分析黑龙江国有林区改革及其对天保工程的影响。首先,概述黑龙江国有林区管理体制改革历程并分析黑龙江国有林区管理体制改革产生的影响。其次,阐述黑龙江国有森林资源管理行政权力移交情况及其产生的影响。再次,对通北林业局天保工程实施效果及问题进行分析,通北林业局存在生态直接支出所占比例偏低,职工工资水平低,天保工程政策标准存在滞后性等问题。最后,提出明确改革要素流向,完善国有资源经营管理制度,优化天保工程资金支出结构,建立天保工程动态管理机制,对国有森工企业基础设施建设短板予以政策扶持等进一步完善国有林区改革与实施天保工程的政策建议。

Research on Reform of Heilongjiang State-owned Forestry Area and Its Impact on Natural Forest Protection Project

⑴Background——In 2018,the Heilongjiang Forest Industry Administration is reorganized into Longjiang Forest Industry Group Co.,Ltd,which marks that the key state-owned forest areas of Heilongjiang Province no longer exist.In addition,with the phraseⅡof NFPP coming to an end,the forest area reform and development trend have received much attention.⑵Methods——Based on a long-term follow-up survey of key state-owned forest areas,taking Tongbei Forestry Bureau in Heilongjiang Province for example,methods such as conference discussions,interviews with households,and statistical data analysis are used to analysis the corresponded impact.⑶Results——⑴Heilongjiang state-owned forest industry is re-registered as a limited company of Forestry Bureau,which indicates the disappearance of the management system of the integration of government and enterprise in key state-owned forest areas and the disintegration of Heilongjiang state-owned forest areas.The management power of state-owned forest resources is decentralized to local government,which has a great impact on the plan of natural forest restoration to be implemented and the effective ecological protection work of state-owned forest industry enterprises.⑵State-owned forestry enterprises no longer have administrative powers of state-owned forest resources management,and it's difficult to carrying out resource management in the short term.⑶After the implementation of NFPP,the forest coverage rate and the area of forest land and the standing stock have increased significantly,as well as the ecological situation has gradually improved from continuous deterioration.In addition,the total output value of the forestry industry and the output value of the three industries have been increasing.Furthermore,the industrial structure of the forest areas has been continuously optimized,the forest structural contradictions have been alleviated,and the forest quality has been improved.Moreover,the people's livelihood has achieved outstanding results,the living environment in the forest areas has been improved and the wage income of the staff has been greatly increased.⑷In the process of implementing NFPP,there are some problems in Heilongjiang state-owned forest region,such as investment structure of natural forest protection funds is poor and unsound,policy standards is out of style and lagged,and income level of forest workers is at the low average level.On the basis of the analysis about the actual situation of Heilongjiang state-owned forest industry enterprises,some policy suggestions for further improving the reform and effectively implementing NFPP are put forward.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Most important function between forest resources management and business operation management of state-owned forestry enterprises,should be clarified,and relevant social functions should be completely stripped off;The state-owned resource management system of the transfer to local forestry authorities should be improved and the implementation of related policies should be perfected;The fund expenditure structure of NFPP need to be optimized and capital investment of directly-related ecology need to be increased;A dynamic management mechanism for NFPP need to be established,and the subsidy standards of NFPP policies in accordance with the socio-economic development need to be adjusted in time;Supportive policies need to be provided for the development of alternative industries of the Forestry Bureau Co.,Ltd.