标准小额信贷：理论、问题与对策

标准小额信贷及其成功经验已被世界各国普遍接受。作为一种有效的扶贫模式，它能在一定程度上解决逆向选择问题、降低道德风险、防范违约风险并实现贷款的可持续发展。然而，标准小额信贷在实践中，还存在着最穷的人贷不到款、联保小组制度不合理、失信问题严童、贷款效率低下、配套服务不到位等问题。因此，如何保证信誉好、最穷的人贷到款，如何设计合理的联保小组制度，如何营造良好的信用环境，如何提高贷款效率及如何健全服务体系，实现小额信贷的可持续发展就成了解决问题的关键。

Standardized Microfinance: Theories, Problems and Countermeasures

The standardized microfinance, as one of the most effective model to alleviate poverty, has been recognized and accepted because of its special theoretical framework. Some shortcomings, however, exist in its practice, that the poorest persons are excluded to some extent, it＇s difficult to organize the related guarantee group, the microfinance institutions have to cope with the potential moral hazard and the borrowers have to deal with the complicated formalities. Therefore, as the key to tackle the problems involved in the standardized microfinance, the following questions must be answered that how to emphasize on the poorest and the high creditworthiness peasants, how to design the optimal co-guarantee institu＇tion, how to establish the good credit environment, how to raise working efficiency, as well as how to provide the technological instruction and property-management training to achieve sustainable development of microfinance.