基于个人利益视角的美国消防服务供给模式分析

公共产品理论认为公共产品与服务应该由政府垄断提供。但是公共选择学派在理论上的创新以及欧美国家私有化改革实践都证明了公共产品私人供给的可能性。19世纪中期美国消防服务供给模式向市政化演进，是私人利益所致，市政化对包括消防员、保险公司和政治家在内的利益集团都有益处。对中国公共产品供给政策的借鉴和启示：引导社会组织参与公共物品的提供；明确划分各级政府事权范围，并以法律形式确定下来；完善政治决策程序，提高政府服务效率。

The Analysis of American Firefighting Service Supply Mode from the Self-interest Perspective

The theory of public goods that the public products and services should be provided by the govemment monopoly. But public choice school innovation in theory as well as the European and American countries privatization reform practice have proved the possibility of private supply of public products. In mid nineteenth Century USA fire service supply model to the municipal development, is a private interest due, the municipal is beneficial for firefighters, including insurance companies and politicians, interest group. The reference and Enlightenment of the public products supply policy China is to provide guide social organizations to participate in public goods; a clear division of responsibilities among governments at all levels, and to determine the legal form; improving the political decision-making procedures, to improve the efficiency of government service.