城市公园的多维可达性动态评估研究

城市公园的可达性评估除了基于交通(距离、时间、 成本)的可达性外，视觉可达性、心理可达性也是度量居民对 公园服务获得感的重要内容。从交通可达性、视觉可达性和心 理可达性3个维度，构建可达性评价模型和计算方法。选取重 庆市3个城市综合公园作为不同发展时期的代表，对距离公园 边界1km区域内进行实证研究，结果表明：早期到发展期， 3个维度的可达性均明显增加；至成熟期，交通可达性趋于稳 定，视觉可达性下降，心理可达性持续增加。在空间分布上， 交通可达性和心理可达性呈现随距离增加而衰减的趋势，视觉 可达性在不同方位上差异显著；综合可达性由早期的“同心 圆”模式分布逐渐演变为“偏向”式聚集，在某些方位上呈现 跳跃式分布。多维可达性的动态评估能有效挖掘城市公园的潜 在服务功能和价值，客观评估城市公园布局的公平性和居民 对公园的可获得性，让更多的人包括弱势群体能够共享环境 福利，为城市公园周边地区的规划建设和旧城更新提供科学 依据。

esearch on Dynamic Evaluation of Multi dimensional Accessibility to Urban Park

In addition to the accessibility of urban parks based on traffic (distance, time, cost), visual accessibility and psychological accessibility are also important components measuring residents'' senses to urban parks. In this study, an evaluation model of comprehensive accessibility is established and the calculation method is developed based on traffic accessibility, visual accessibility and psychological accessibility. The nempirical analysis is made in the buffer area (1km) of three parks in Chongqing city. The results show that the three accessibilities increase significantly from early stage to developing stage. In the mature stage, the traffic accessibility tends to be stable, and the visual accessibility decrease, and the psychological accessibility continues to increase. In terms of spatial distribution, traffic accessibility and psychological accessibility decrease as the distance to the park increases, while visual accessibility differs significantly in different directions. The comprehensive accessibility gradually changes from concentric circle pattern in early stage to the eccentric distribution, however, the accessibility presents a jump distribution, in some directions. The dynamic evaluation of multi-dimensional accessibility can effectively explore the potential service value of urban parks, objectively evaluate the fairness and justice of urban parks in spatial distribution, and the availability of parks by residents. It can provide scientific evidences for the planning and construction of urban parks and the renewal in old cities.