日本火电机组热效率高的原因分析

日本的火力发电机组能源利用效率高，常规的燃煤发电的热效率达到了43％以上，燃气机组由于采用了联合循环系统，其热效率水平更高，达到了53％以上。其综合的热效率较我国的火力发电的热效率高很多，这与发电机组的设计制造水平有关，也与机组的运行工况有关。从日本的一次能源供给情况、发电用能源的结构状况、各种类型发电机组的负荷情况等分析其热效率高的原因，并对我国的电源结构及各种类型发电机组的负荷情况进行分析，提出应适当调整我国的电源结构、提高能源利用效率的相关建议。

Analysis on the High Thermal Efficiency of the Thermal Power Units in Japan

The energy utilization efficiency of thermal power units in Japan is high. A conventional coal-fired power unit has a generation efficiency of 43% while the gas-fired unit with a combined cycle system has a much higher thermal efficiency, reaching 53% or more. Their integrated thermal efficiency in Japan is much higher than that in China, which is mainly related to the design ＆ manufacture level of generator sets and the operating conditions of power units. This paper analyzes the causes for the high generating efficiency in Japan in terms of the primary energy supply status in Japan, the energy structural condition of power generation and the load conditions of various types of generator sets. On the basis of an analysis on China＇s power source structure and load condition of various types of generator sets, the paper proposes some recommendations for adjusting domestic power structure and improving energy utilization efficiencies.