政府补贴、研发激励与新能源汽车创新

通过政府补贴激励企业自主创新，是长期以来政府扶持新兴产业发展的主要方式。但现有研究对该模式能否起到研发激励效用仍然存在争议，特别是在信息不对称的情况下，骗补问题突出，使产业政策有效性再次成为焦点。在梳理新能源汽车产业政策历史沿革的基础上，根据政策特性把补贴分为研发补贴和生产补贴两个阶段，并通过计量检验和倾向得分匹配等实证方法评估其政策实施对新能源汽车企业研发的激励效果。结果发现，强度较高的“生产补贴”研发激励效用远低于强度较低的“研发补贴”，两种政府补贴方式都符合边际效用递减规律。最后，结合产业政策实施15年来的现实情况，提出补贴政策缓慢性退坡、建立可信的惩戒机制等政策建议。

Government Subsides,R&D Incentives and New Energy Vehicles Innovation

To stimulate enterprise independent innovation through government subsidies is the main way for the government to support the development of new industries for a long time.However,the existing research is still controversial about whether the model can stimulate the research and development incentive,especially in the case of asymmetric information,government subsidies are frequently used,resulting in "fraud compensation problem" prominent.Based on the history of the industrial policy of new energy automobile,according to the characteristics of policy for the development of subsidies and production subsidies in two stages,and through the measurement test and propensity score matching the empirical method of evaluation of the implementation of the new energy automobile enterprise development the incentive effect of the policy.The results of econometric analysis show that the incentive effectiveness of R & D subsidies with higher intensity is far lower than that of lower intensity R & D subsidies,and the results of preference distribution also support this conclusion.The study finds that the marginal utility of government subsidies is based on the reality that industrial policies have been implemented for 15 years,and putting some policy suggestions,such as slowing down subsidy policies and establish a credible disciplinary mechanism.