要素市场扭曲对企业家寻租及创新的影响

Baumol认为企业家行为模式受到所在制度环境的影响，良好的制度环境会促进企业家从事增加社会福利的生产性活动，比如创新；而制度环境不佳会导致企业家从事攫取社会利益的非生产性活动，比如寻租。Baumol的企业家才能配置理论在中国具体情境中，是否有其适用性？以我国2009-2014年省级层面面板数据，利用各省份人均土地出让面积作为地区要素市场扭曲的工具变量，在有效控制内生性可能导致的模型估计偏误后，实证考察了要素市场扭曲对企业家寻租活动的作用效应。研究发现，转轨时期我国地区要素市场扭曲程度越深，企业家寻租活动就越多。进一步通过系数检验以及Bootstrap方法考察企业家寻租活动在地区要素市场扭曲和企业创新强度之间的中介效应，证实了“要素市场扭曲→企业家寻租活动增多→企业创新强度减弱”传导机制的存在，可为深化中国要素市场机制改革提供理论和实证支持。

A Study of Impact of Factor Market Distortion on Rent Seeking and Innovation

Baumol believes that the behavior of entrepreneurs is affected by the institutional environment,a good institutional environment will encourage entrepreneurs to engage in productive activities that increase social welfare,such as innovation; in a country or region with inadequate institutional environment,enterprises are engaged in non productive activities that seize social interests,such as rent seeking;does Baumol's theory have its applicability in specific situations in China?Based on provincial level panel data from 2009 to 2014 in China ,the use of per capita land transfer area in provinces as instrumental variable,after effective control of endogenous may result in model estimation errors,the effect of factor market distortion on the rent seeking activities of entrepreneurs is investigated;the study found that the more the market distortion in China's regional factor market during the transition period,the stronger the entrepreneur's rent seeking activities.In this paper,the application of coefficient method and the Bootstrap method are used to examine the mediation effect of entrepreneur rent seeking activities.The intermediation effect proves the existence of transmission mechanism of "factor market distortion→entrepreneurial rent seeking increase→entrepreneurial innovation activity decrease".It provides theoretical and empirical support for deepening the reform of China's factor market mechanism.