人工智能自主发明物专利保护模式论考

人工智能是当今世界科技发展的潮流，在没有人类干预的情况下，人工智能可逐步实现自主发明创造。然而，现行法律并没有厘定人工智能自主发明物的法律地位，导致法律对其的适用出现失灵态势，而先行者优势保护模式、添附保护模式以及职务发明保护模式等是当前理论上比较典型的应对之策。其中，职务发明保护模式更契合人域法的法治秩序以及我国专利保护环境。人工智能本身被视为雇员而拟制为发明人，人工智能使用人被视为雇主而成为专利权人。此外，《专利法》应在专利审查期限上为人工智能自主发明物开辟“绿色通道”，在动态流转中提取交易额的5%作为人工智能专项基金，并完善强制许可条款。

Research on the Patent Protection Mode of Inventions Independently Created by Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a global trend in the development of contemporary science and technology. In the absence of human intervention, AI has gradually been able to make inventions and innovations independently. However, the current laws do not clarify the legal status of inventions independently created by AI so that the legal application tends to malfunction. First-mover advantages, the accession protection mode and the service invention protection mode are the typical countermeasures in the current theory. Among them, the service invention protection mode is more consistent with the legal order of the human domain law and the environment of patent protection in China. "AI itself" is regarded as "employee" and fictioned as "inventor" while "AI user" is regarded as "employer" and fictioned as patentee. In addition, the patent law shall open up a "green channel" for AI inventions within the examination period, draw 5% of the turnover as a special AI fund in the aspect of dynamic trading and perfect compulsory licensing terms.