对外直接投资对出口技术水平的提升研究——理论与基于中国省际面板数据的实证

通过对Hausmann等(2007)理论模型的简单拓展,加入对外直接投资变量后,发现基于比较优势的对外直接投资对出口技术水平具有直接的促进作用,对外直接投资企业数量和对外直接投资规模与出口技术水平均呈正相关关系。基于中国省际面板数据的实证检验也支持这一结论,同时对中国省际面板数据进一步实证研究发现,中国省级对外直接投资对出口技术水平有直接促进作用的同时,这种促进作用还受到以人力资本和研发投入衡量的"吸收能力"的正向促进,受到以资本劳动比、制度因素、地区经济规模、进口技术水平和现有技术水平衡量的地区禀赋状况的制约。要实现"走出去"战略与"贸易强国"战略的协同发展,必须加强人力资本积累和研发资本投入,同时注意地区在要素禀赋、制度建设、经济发展、技术积累方面的整体协调。

Promotion of Outward Direct Investment on the Technological Level of Exports:A Theory and Empirical Study based on China's Inter-Provincial Data

By simple expansion of the theoretical model of Hausmann et al.'s(2007),after adding the variable of outward foreign direct investment,the paper finds that OFDI based on comparative advantages has a direct role in promoting the technical level of export,and that both of the number of OFDI enterprises and the scale of outward direct investment have positive correlation to the technical level of export.An empirical test based on China's inter-provincial data also supports this conclusion.Meanwhile,the paper has done further empirical research with China's inter-provincial data,and finds that China's provincial OFDI could directly promote the technical level of export.The promotion is positively effected by "absorption capacity"measured by human capital and R&D input,and negatively effected by area endowment measured by capital labor ratio,institutional factor,area economic scale,import technology level and existing technology level.To achieve the coordinated development of"going out"and"trading power"strategy,China needs to strengthen the human capital accumulation and R&D input,and also pays attention to the overall coordination of factor endowment,institutional construction,economic development and technology accumulation across the regions.