2020年后中国多维相对贫困标准:国际经验与政策取向

2020年后,中国扶贫工作将由消除绝对贫困向缓解发展不平衡、不充分的相对贫困转变。本文首先回顾了绝对贫困和相对贫困标准的相关文献,基于可行能力理论从"贫"和"困"的视角构建了多维相对贫困标准概念框架,然后在对基本需要法和能力方法进行理论分析的基础上,结合典型国家的国别经验研究,提出了中国2020年后多维相对贫困标准的政策取向。本文认为,2020年后中国应采用多维相对贫困标准,没有必要与OECD国家相对贫困标准接轨。多维相对贫困标准,既要包括反映"贫"的经济维度,也要包括反映"困"的社会发展维度,还要包括生态环境维度:在经济维度,需要考虑收入和就业两个方面;在社会发展维度,需要考虑教育、健康、社会保障、信息获得等方面;而新发展理念以及生态补偿脱贫实践经验要求把生态环境纳入多维贫困框架中。

China’s Multidimensional Relative Poverty Standards in the Post-2020 Era:International Experience and Policy Orientation

After 2020,China’s poverty alleviation efforts will shift from eradicating absolute poverty to alleviating imbalanced and inadequate relative poverty.This article firstly reviews the relevant literature on absolute and relative poverty standards.Afterwards,based on the theory of capabilities,a Multidimensional Relative Poverty Standards(MRPS)conceptual framework is constructed from the perspectives of"pin"and"kun".Based on the theoretical analysis of basic needs and capabilities approaches,combined with typical country experience studies,this article proposes China’s MPRS policy choice in the post-2020 era.This study argues that after 2020,China should adopt MPRS,and there is no need to align with the relative poverty standards of OECD countries.The MRPS must include both the economic dimension reflecting"pin",the social development dimension reflecting"kun"and the ecological environment dimension.In the economic dimension,income and employment need to be considered;in the social development dimension,education,health,social security,and information access need to be considered.New development concepts and the practical experience in ecological compensation and poverty alleviation require the ecological environment dimension to be integrated into the multidimensional poverty framework.