森林资源型城市均衡发展效益评价研究

从经济发展、社会发展和生态保护3个维度出发,构建资源型城市均衡发展效益评价指标体系,并采用多指标综合评价法测算2010—2018年可再生资源型城市(伊春市)和不可再生资源型城市(大庆市)的均衡发展效益。结果表明:伊春市和大庆市在经济增长、产业结构调整、固定资产投资、人均可支配收入、人力资源水平等方面存在显著差距;2010—2018年,大庆市的均衡发展效益整体优于伊春市,尤其是经济发展层面和生态保护层面与伊春市存在较大差距;伊春市依托林业生态工程的长期投入在社会发展层面的均衡效益优于大庆市,但大庆市在改善贫困、提升地区医疗保障水平、构筑多层社保体系等方面表现突出,值得伊春市学习借鉴。最后,围绕产业转型、民生改善、生态建设等方面对伊春市均衡发展提出若干建议及思考。

Research on Benefit Evaluation of Balanced Development of Forest Resource City

(1)Background——Balanced development is very important for forest resource cities to get rid of resourcedependence effectively,realize industrial transformation steadily and ensure the coordinated and sustainable development of the complex system of society,economy and ecology.(2) Methods——Constructing the index of balanced development benefit evaluation system of the resource-based cities is based on the statistical data from 2010 to 2018,measuring the balanced development benefits of the "forest city" Yichun and the "oil city" Daqing.(3) Results——Firstly,the economic growth rate of Daqing and Yichun fluctuated significantly from 2010 to 2018,and the economic growth trend of the two cities is basically the same. Yichun's economic growth rate declined drastically in 2015. And it is mainly about that Yichun has implemented the policy of stopping deforestation. It can be seen that the economic development of Yichun depends on the resource seriously. Daqing's economic growth rate fluctuated less slightly than Yichun's from 2015 to 2018. As a mature resource-based city,Daqing has a stronger ability to deal with resource bottlenecks and has a faster transformation. The effect of Daqing's industrial structure adjustment and upgrading is more obvious,the scale of fixed asset investment in Daqing is significantly larger than in Yichun. And the Daqing's development of social security is better,as well,the ability of the human talents resources supporting balanced development is more prominent in Daqing. Secondly,the data about the comprehensive benefits of Daqing's harmonious development from 2010 to 2018 are 0. 559,0. 533,0. 624,0. 620,0. 615,0. 615,0. 653,0. 677,and 0. 666. The data of Yichun are 0. 461,0. 484,0. 485,0. 542,0. 546,0. 554,0. 523,0. 545,and 0. 595. The results show that the level of comprehensive benefit of balanced urban development of Daqing is always higher than that Yichun's from 2010 to2018. The overall balanced development of Daqing from 2010 to 2018 is at a good level,while Yichun is at a general level. There is a certain gap between them about the level of balanced development. The overall benefits of balanced development of forest resource-based cities need to be further improved. Specifically,the benefits of the balanced development of Daqing's economy are more prominent. And Yichun's social development is more prominent. Finally,the benefits of the balanced development of ecological protection are both outstanding in Daqing and in Yichun.(4) Conclusions and Discussions——First,the practical effect of Yichun's surban economic transformation and balanced development from 2010 to 2018 is poorer than Daqing. It can be showed at some aspects such as unstable economic growth,insignificant industrial structure adjustment,small scale of fixed asset investment,low per ca-pita disposable income of urban residents,and backward human resources. Second,the two types of resource-based cities have achieved a high level in balanced development in the fields of economic development and ecological protection and achieved remarkable results. This is an inevitable result of their emphasis on industrial transformation to promote the decoupling between economic growth and resources,as well as their pursuit of green development and balanced development between man and nature by giving consideration to both natural resources and ecological protection in the process of transformation. Third,Daqing and Yichun,two resource-based cities,have poor performance in the social balanced development,both at the lower level. Although they have achieved a high level of balanced development in the fields of economic transformation and ecological protection,they have not given consideration to social balanced development,which is closely related to factors such as insufficient social security investment and low return rate of transition economy. It is suggested that Yichun should prudently deal with structural decoupling problem and draw on the experience of transformation and balanced development of different types of resource-based cities to make some achievements in fixed asset input,human resource guarantee,optimization of industrial structure and improvement of social welfare supply.