生态公益林区划和农民利益的维护

通过对生态公益林内涵和区划现状进行分析,结果表明:由于对公益林界定、种类等问题认识不到位,加之政府追求的生态效益与林农的利益诉求不同,在实践中,区划公益林时存在较大随意性和忽视对农民利益的保护。中国在生态公益林的建设中,既要重视公益林在维护生态建设方面的作用,还应关注林农利益的维护。生态公益林的区划应遵循主导功能、生态保护、因地制宜、适度规模和兼顾生态建设和农民合法权益的原则。当国家将集体林直接界定为公益林时,应该在明确公益林区划权力主体的基础上,通过分类管理、签订林地地役权合同和国家征收的不同方式来解决生态效益和农民经济利益的冲突。

Ecological Forest Regionalization and the Safeguarding the Interests of Farmers

Analyzing the connotation and the regionalization present situation of ecological forest,we can find that there are large arbitrariness and neglect the protection of farmers' interests in practice when government regionalizes ecological forest.The reason lies in the definition and types of ecological forest are not known by people,the pursuit of eco-efficiency and the demands of farmers are different.China should pay attention to the ecological forest in the maintenance ecological building aspect function and the maintenance of the forest worker's benefit in the construction of ecology forest.Ecological forest's regionalization should follow the principles of leading function,ecological protection,suiting measures to local conditions,appropriate scale and proper attention to both ecological building and the farmer legitimate rights and interests.Changing collective forest for ecological forest directly,the government should confirm regionalization authority main body of ecological forest.We solve conflict of the ecological benefit and the peasant's economy interests,through the classification management,forest land easement and the national expropriation.