资源分配不公决定收入分配不公——再论公平与分配不能联姻

分配不公是目前普遍关心的一个主要问题。本文认为,收入分配不公包含由生产关系所决定的分配、由政府所主持的二次分配和由资源分配不公所导致的收入分配不公,而由经济关系所决定的分配不公是无法改变的。文章提出,我国目前的分配不公不是效率优先引起的,因为我国的效率并不高,而且高效率并不意味着基尼系数扩大,也不一定带来收入差距扩大,基尼系数低也不意味着分配公平。造成我国目前分配差距扩大的首要原因是资源分配不公。第一,一些优势生产要素被垄断行业所控制,如石油、电力、通讯、铁路、金融、烟草等。第二,在运行规则上不公平,如城乡之间政策上的不公平等。第三,执法不公。缩小收入差距的途径一是要深化改革,尽快使改革到位;二是要继续转变政府职能,深化政府改革,使政府肩负起维护社会公平的神圣职责。那种认为只要将效率优先改为公平优先就可以实现公平分配的想法是错误的。

Unfairness in Resources Distribution Determine the Unfairness in Income Distribution

The author points out that the unfairness in distribution is the main problem the whole society is caring about.In China,the unfairness in distribution is not caused by giving priority to efficiency,but the unfairness in income distribution,for example,some advanced factors of production being controlled by monopoly industry,the unfair operational rules,and the not impartial law enforcement.The author puts forward that the only way to narrow the income gap is to deepen reforms,and we should further transform government functions.The view that we can solve this problem only by giving priority to fairness,not efficiency,is absolutely wrong.