高速铁路与旅游业:成果评述与经验启示

我国高速铁路的迅速发展对区域旅游产业发展的影响逐步显现.旅游业如何应对高速铁路带来的交通变革亟须理论与经验的指引.文章对国内外高速铁路与旅游业关系的研究进行梳理,从高速铁路与旅游产业要素、旅游者动机与行为、旅游企业选址以及旅游空间格局等方面进行了归纳与综述.研究表明,国外研究具有内容系统化、理论多元化、方法多样化和研究规范化的特征.结合国内研究所取得的成果,文章从加强高速铁路与旅游者决策、旅游产品结构、旅游产业布局、业态创新、区域旅游空间结构演变及旅游发展模式创新等多个层面构建高速铁路与旅游业研究领域的内容体系,同时在规范学术研究和应用研究方法等方面对我国未来相关领域的研究提出了建议.

High-speed Railway and Tourism:Literature Review and Lessons

High-speed railway is a development in the supply of fast rail travel in China,and has brought great changes on Chinese social economic and tourism development based on the replacement mechanism of time and place.It is necessary to learn the experience from other countries and to do more research work about tourism’s response to high-speed railway development.This paper uses a wide variety of literature sources and reviews 30 published articles on high-speed railway and tourism in the past.The literature review shows that there are several advantages in the research on this topic conducted by scholars in foreign countries:First,the research content is complete.This paper chooses 20 English articles to analyze the research content about high-speed railway and tourism development.Focusing on high-speed railway,the English literature studied the relationship between high-speed railway and tourism industry factors,the influence of high-speed railway on tourists’ motivation and decision-making process,high-speed railway and tourism relocation,and high-speed railway and regional tourism spatial restructuring. Secondly,the basic theories used in these research are various.Several basic theories are used in the reviewed research,such as Consumer Behavior Theory,the Theory of Planned Behavior,New Economic Geography,Regional Economics,Transportation Economics,Game Theory.The application of these theories not only offers the research conclusions theoretical foundation,but also opens up new areas for these basic theories. Thirdly,diversified research methodologies are used in these research works,such as model analysis,experimental methodology,comparative study,case study.In particular,many models such as Scenario Model,Mathematical Programming Model,Core-periphery Model,Random Parameter Logit Model,Transportation Cost Model are widely used to draw the conclusions. At last,the reviewed research strictly follows the regulated studying procedure,including literature review,basic theory,research hypotheses,methodology,results,discussions,and conclusions.Literature review plays an important role in these research,which can be inferred from the references of each paper. Comparing with foreign scholars’ research about high-speed railway’s impact on tourism development,domestic research has just started,and the main existing research results are at a coarse-level and are lack of comprehensive and systematic studying.This paper proposes the following recommendations for future research in the field:First,future research work in China should be built on the research content system which may include strengthening the influence of high-speed railways on tourists’ decision-making about transportation means,tourism destinations,tourism consumption structure,and so on;strengthening the influence of high-speed railway on the tourism industry,including tourism market structure,industrial elements spatial layout,structural evolution of the tourism industry,tourism product structure upgrading,and the emergence of new formats;strengthening the high-speed railway’s influence on the regional tourism spatial structure;strengthening the strategic response of tourism cities along high-speed railways. Secondly,future research should also strengthen the application of research methods,especially the application of sophisticated research methods.Standardized application of a variety of research methods,especially with the help of mathematical models can ensure the academic research results and contribute to a more in-depth study of the problems in the field. Thirdly,the cultivation of awareness should be strengthened and the researchers should develop big research out of small problems. At last,the researchers should strengthen the awareness of academic history,and standardize the procedure of academic research.Getting the academic history into shape and fully understanding the research achievements can avoid pointless duplication,and further condense the object of study.