生态移民家庭生计资本和生计模式的变化及其相互影响——基于贵州10个移民安置点的跟踪调研

搬迁将改变生态移民家庭的生计资本存量和结构，并促使其生计模式转变。对贵州省10个生态移民安置点的跟踪调研表明：与搬迁前相比，搬迁后移民家庭的自然资本减少，物质资本和社会资本略有增加，而金融资本大幅增加；农业生产经营收入占比下降，而其他收入占比明显上升；刚迁入新居住地时，移民家庭生计资本运营效率的改善不明显，但随后两年有明显提升；移民家庭收入结构变化对其生计资本运营效率变化具有负向影响，其生计模式的选择可能存在失当。因此，生态移民家庭的生计发展在搬迁后存在一个适应过程，政府要积极帮助移民尽快在新居住地实现生计模式与生计资本的匹配和互动改善，促进生态移民家庭的可持续发展。

Study on the Matching of Livelihood Capital Change and Livelihood Pattern in Ecological Migration: A Follow-up Survey Based on Resettlement Sites in 10 Cities and Towns in Guizhou Province

Resettlement will change the stock and structure of livelihood capital of ecological emigrant families and make their livelihood pattern change. Taking ten resettlement sites for implementing poverty alleviation in Guizhou Province as samples, this paper conducts a survey of livelihood capital to obtain the relevant data on the livelihood of migrants, and then conducts a comprehensive evaluation on the livelihood capital of immigrants and analyzes the interaction between the family livelihood capital and livelihood models. The empirical analysis shows that both the total amount and the structure of the livelihood capital of the emigrated families have changed significantly before and after the relocation, that the natural capital is reduced after relocation, material capital and social capital are little rising but financial capital increases mostly. Agricultural production business income declines, but other incomes are obviously rising. When the emigrants stay in new families, the improvement of their livelihood capital operation efficiency is not significant, however, after two years, the improvement is significantly rising. The emigrant family income structure change has negative effect on their livelihood capital operation efficiency, their livelihood model selection is possibly not proper. Thus, the livelihood development of ecological emigrant family has an adaptive process and the government should actively help the emigrants realize the matching and interactive improvement between ecological model and livelihood capital at new living places as soon as possible to boost the sustainable development of ecological emigrant families.