低碳经济背景下转变农业经济发展方式研究——以广东省为例

近年来,我国农业经济面临资源与环境的严峻挑战,转变农业发展方式成为了促进农业可持续发展的重要抓手。文章以广东省为例,探讨在低碳背景下如何走出一条低排放、低污染、低投入、低能耗的农业现代化道路。对低碳经济下转变农业发展方式的必要性进行分析,挖掘制约广东省农业发展的几点问题,如耕地面积逐渐减少、农业环境污染日益严重、自然灾害频发,水土流失加剧、森林生态系统脆弱、农民受教育程度较低,素质偏低、农业科技含量低,转化成果速度慢等。明确在转变农业发展方式过程中的选择途径有发展循环农业经济、生态农业经济、有机农业经济,发展观光、休闲农业经济。并提出建立低碳能源结构、建立低碳的生产结构、实施低碳技术、提高劳动者素质的长效机制,旨在为其他相似地区在转变农业发展方式过程中如何选择路径提供参考。

THE TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT MODE UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF LOW CARBON ECONOMY---AKING GUANGDONG AS AN EXAMPLE

In recent years, the agricultural economy in China faces the challenge of resources and environment, and the transformation of the mode of agricultural development becomes an important starting point to promote agricultural sustainable development. In this study, Guangdong province was took as an example to construct the agricultural modernization with the characteristic of low emission, low pollution, low investment and low energy consumption. The change of agricultural development model was analyzed under the background of low carbon economy, and the factors restricting agricultural development was summed up, for example, the area of cultivated land declined gradually, agricultural environmental pollution was more and more serious, natural disasters happened frequently, soil erosion increased, forest ecological system was fragile, farmers education degree was low, agricultural science and technology level and the transformation speed was slow. Finally, it put forward some strategies including transforming the mode of agricultural development such as developing circular agricultural economy, ecological agriculture, organic agriculture, and tourism and leisure agriculture, establishing low-carbon energy structure and improving the capability of the workers. This would provide some references for other regions in the transformation of the agricultural development mode.