生态用地的法制化——基于土地用途管制制度演进的视角

研究目的:研究生态用地是否应成为法律意义上的土地用途,提出相应的土地用途管制制度设计思路。研究方法:法律解释分析,立法学分析。研究结果:生态用地应成为法律意义上的土地用途;在静态区分方面生态用地应与农用地、建设用地、未利用地呈并列关系,生态用地分类的决定性依据为土地资源之社会功能而非自然属性;在动态约束方面土地用途管制制度应针对生态用地承受的市场失灵趋势具备动态适应性,能够抑制生态用地流失或侵占其他土地用途类型。研究结论:《土地管理法》应作出相应的稳健更新,在此过程中应借鉴生态价值定量评估、生态补偿核算方面的技术和自然生态空间管制试点成果,确保法律对生态用地进行有效的静态区分和动态约束,并确保法律在更新过程中得到及时优化。

Legislation of Ecological Land Use: From the Perspective of Institutional Evolution on Land Use Control

The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether the ecological land use should be legalized, and to give the corresponding advice on land use control. The methods used are hermeneutic analysis and legislative analysis. The result indicates that the ecological land use should be legalized. Statically, the ecological land should be a juxtaposition with the agricultural land, the construction land, and the unused land. The conclusive factor of the ecological land classification is subjective functions rather than natural factors. Dynamically, the land use control system is able to adapt to the land market failure related to the ecological land to restrain the decline of the ecological land use or its occupation of other land use types. In conclusion, the corresponding amendment on the land administration law should be made stably. Meanwhile, we should refer to the experience in ecological value quantification, ecological compensation accounting and experiments of natural ecological space regulation to ensure effective static and dynamical control on the ecological land, and to ensure promptly optimization during evolution process.