产业互动外部性、生产性服务业集聚与城市创新力--对我国七大城市群的一项实证比较

城市群经济在我国经济版图中扮演越来越重要的角色,正成为创新扩散的主要载体和经济增长的新引擎。生产性服务业作为高技术含量的知识密集型产业,其分布与结构的合理性对城市及城市群形成创新竞争力有重要意义。从产业互动外部性与产业集聚外部性角度切入,将城市群作为产业集聚的空间载体,利用2003-2016年我国七大城市群127个城市的面板数据构建动态空间面板模型,考察生产性服务业相对专业化集聚及相对多样化集聚对城市创新力的影响,进而探讨这种影响在城市群之间的差异性。实证结果显示:(1)生产性服务业相对集聚具有空间溢出效应,即某一城市创新力受当地和相邻地区生产性服务业相对集聚水平的影响。(2)就全国整体而言,对城市创新力有持续性影响的主要是相对多样化集聚而非相对专业化集聚,通过生产性服务业嵌入制造业价值链形成动态比较优势来实现城市创新能力的提升。(3)考虑区域异质性的回归结果表明,生产性服务业相对集聚程度对不同发展阶段不同发展模式的城市群内城市创新产生显著的差异性影响。

Industrial Interaction Externality,Agglomeration of Productive Service Industries and Urban Innovation: An Empirical Comparison of the Seven Major Urban Agglomerations in China

Urban agglomeration economy plays an increasingly important role in China’s economic map. It has become the main carrier of innovation diffusion and a new engine of economic growth. The productive service industry is a high-tech knowledge-intensive industry. The rationality of distribution and structure is of great significance to the acquisition of innovative competitiveness of cities and urban agglomerations. This paper cuts into the dynamic externality of industrial structure, and regards urban agglomeration as the spatial carrier of industrial agglomeration. Using the panel data of 127 cities in seven major urban agglomerations in China from 2003 to 2016, the dynamic spatial panel model is constructed to examine the relative professionalism of the productive service industry. The impact of agglomeration and relative diversification on urban innovation, and further explore the differences between this group of urban agglomerations. Empirical analysis show that:(1) the relative agglomeration degree of the producer service industry has a spatial spillover effect, that is, the innovation power of a certain city is not only affected by the relative agglomeration level of the local producer service industry, but also by the neighboring regions. The impact of the level of agglomeration in the productive service industry;(2) as far as the country as a whole is concerned, the significant sustained impact on urban innovation is mainly due to relatively diverse agglomeration rather than relative professional agglomeration. Realizing the improvement of urban innovation ability through the dynamic comparative advantage formed by the embedded service industry embedded in the manufacturing value chain;(3) further considering regional heterogeneity, respectively returning to the seven major urban agglomerations, and the results show that the relative agglomeration degree of producer service industry has significant differences on urban innovation in urban agglomerations with different development modes at different stages of development.