旅游减贫具有空间溢出效应吗?

针对现有文献缺乏旅游减贫多维效果及空间效应研究,本文基于多维贫困视角,运用2008—2017年中国30个省份的面板数据,构建了包含经济、教育、医疗、生活与环境五个维度的贫困减缓评价指标体系,并在地理距离矩阵和经济距离矩阵共同构成的综合嵌套矩阵的基础上,分别运用空间自相关检验、空间杜宾模型探究了各维度贫困减缓的空间分布特征及旅游发展对各维度贫困减缓的空间效应。主要结论有:(1)十年间,中国乡村旅游业发展水平呈现显著空间正向相关性,纳入空间效应的空间杜宾模型较好地揭示出区域间乡村旅游发展存在显著的空间溢出效应。(2)十年间,各维度的减贫效果亦呈现显著空间正向相关性,表明各维度减贫效果存在着空间集聚特征。(3)十年间,旅游发展对经济、生活、环境等维度的贫困均具有显著减缓作用,更重要的发现是旅游发展在这三个减贫维度上具有正向空间溢出效应。旅游发展对教育、医疗两个维度上贫困减缓的直接和间接效应均未通过显著性检验。(4)从空间异质性视角分析,旅游发展对经济减贫维度的空间溢出效应呈现出东部区域→中部区域→西部区域逐步递减规律;旅游发展对生活减贫维度和环境减贫维度的空间溢出效应均呈现出由东部区域→中部区域→西部区域逐渐增大特征。最后,论文就旅游减贫提出了相关政策建议。

Does Tourism Poverty Alleviation Have Spatial Spillover Effect?

In view of the lack of multi-dimensional effects and spatial effects of tourism poverty reduction in the existing literature,this paper,based on the perspective of multi-dimensional poverty,uses Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2017,a poverty alleviation evaluation index system which including five dimensions of economy,education,health care,life and environment was constructed.On the basis of the comprehensive weight matrix composed of the geographic distance weight matrix and the economic distance weight matrix,the spatial autocorrelation test and the spatial Durbin model were used to explore the space of poverty alleviation in each dimension The spatial effect and mechanism of tourism development on poverty alleviation in different dimensions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In the past ten years,the development of rural tourism in China has shown a significant spatial positive correlation,which indicates that there is a spatial agglomeration feature in the development of rural tourism in China.The spatial Durbin model,which incorporates spatial effects,better reveals that there is a significant spatial spillover effect in the development of interregional rural tourism.(2)In the past ten years,poverty reduction in economic dimension,education dimension,medical dimension,life dimension and environment dimension have shown significant spatial positive correlation,which proves that the effect of poverty reduction in each dimension has spatial agglomeration characteristics.(3)In the past ten years,tourism development has a direct positive effect on poverty alleviation in three dimensions of economy,life and environment.Meanwhile,tourism development has a spatial spillover effect on poverty alleviation in these three dimensions.The direct effect of tourism development on economic poverty alleviation is 0.827,and the indirect effect is 0.461;the direct effect of tourism development on living poverty alleviation is 0.188,and the indirect effect is 0.111;the direct effect of tourism development on environmental poverty alleviation is 0.261,and the indirect effect is 0.138.The direct effect and spatial spillover effect of tourism development on poverty reduction in education and health care have not passed the significance test.(4)From the perspective of spatial heterogeneity,the spatial spillover effects of tourism development on the dimensions of economic poverty reduction,life poverty reduction and environmental poverty reduction are significantly different in the three regions of the East,the middle and the West.The spatial spillover effects of tourism development on the dimensions of economic poverty reduction show a gradual decreasing law from the East region to the Middle region to the West region;tourism development on the dimensions of life poverty reduction The spatial spillover effects of the dimensions of environmental poverty reduction and environmental poverty reduction are gradually increasing from the East region to the Middle region to the West region.Based on the above conclusions,the following policy recommendations are proposed:First of all,local governments need to improve the performance evaluation system of tourism poverty reduction,and take the multi-dimensional poverty reduction quantitative index system as an important basis for tourism poverty reduction evaluation.Secondly,local governments should continue to strengthen their awareness of poverty alleviation through tourism,set up a model of becoming rich through tourism,and release the inherent potential of poverty alleviation through tourism.Thirdly,tourism management departments should pay attention to cooperation with other regions in formulating poverty reduction policies of tourism industry,make full use of the characteristics of tourism industry agglomeration,spillover effect of tourism industry,promote the cross regional circulation of tourism production factors,expand the“penetration”effect and“multiplier”effect of tourism industry,and improve the efficiency of poverty reduction of tourism industry.Finally,all localities should strengthen the supply side structural reform of tourism products,based on their own advantages,constantly develop new tourism products with strong participation,multiple choices,high added value and significant uniqueness,increase the poverty reduction and spillover benefits of tourism industry.