The price of fear: Estimating the financial cost of bullying and harassment to the NHS in England |
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| Authors: | Roger Kline Duncan Lewis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Middlesex University Business School, UK;2. Plymouth University Business School, UK, and Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia |
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| Abstract: | Using a spectrum of measures, this paper estimates some of the financial costs of bullying and harassment to the NHS in England. By means of specific impacts resulting from bullying and harassment to staff health, sickness absence costs to the employer, employee turnover, diminished productivity, sickness presenteeism, compensation, litigation and industrial relations costs, we conservatively estimate bullying and harassment to cost the taxpayer £2.281 billion per annum. |
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| Keywords: | Bullying bullying in the public sector financial costs of bullying and harassment harassment NHS England |
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