转型中我国农业劳动力的两种转移模式——从西方经济学的两种要素配置模型引起的思考

关于如何改变发展中国家农村经济落后状况,西方经济学家提出两种不同的要素配置模型.威廉·阿瑟·刘易斯认为,发展中国家农村经济落后的主要原因是劳动力过剩,近乎无限供给,因而,改变农村经济落后的唯一途径就是把过剩的劳动力转移到城市.西奥多·舒尔茨则不同意这种观点.他认为发展中国家农村经济落后的主要原因不是劳动力过剩,而是人口质量低与劳动力以外的其他生产要素投入不足;改变农村经济落后的唯一途径就是提高人口质量和向农村输入劳动力以外的其他生产要素.与这两种模型相关联,改革开放以来我国农村劳动力转移也呈现两种不同的模式,即异地转移与就地转移.这就存在着如何评价上述两种模型与两种模式的问题.

Two Transfer Modes for the Agricultural Laborers of Our Country in the Transformation——Meditation Caused by the Two Factor Collocation Modes in Western Economics

As to the improvement of the lagged economic situation in the countryside of developing countries,western economists put forward two different factor collocation models.William Arthur Louise holds that the main reason for the lagged economic situation in the countryside of developing countries is labor surplus,almost limitless supply.Therefore the only way to change the lagged situation in the countryside is to transfer the surplus labor to the cities.Theodore Schults does not agree to this point of view.He holds that the main reason for the lagged economic situation in the countryside of developing countries is not labor surplus,but the low quality of rural population and insufficiency of the investment of other production factors besides labor;the only way to change the lagged situation in the countryside is to improve population quality and import other production factors besides labor.Relevant to the two model,the transfer of rural labor in our country after the reform and opening also presents two modes,i.e.transfer to other regions and transfer within the region.There exists the problem of evaluating the two modes.