乳化水含量快速观察法及原理分析

油库原油在销售前须进行乳化水含量测定，达标后才可销售。当油田产液量升高且现场采出原油含水过高时，三相分离器的处理效果会变差，影响销售和工作效率。为提高油库运行质量和工作效率，提出一种乳化水含量的快速观察法，根据原油在缸底倾斜面上的流动特征，可快速估算出油样的乳化水含量范围。实验选择刚放满原油待沉淀的储罐，从大罐放油口附近开始，自下而上依次取6个100mL油样，对比快速观察法和化验的结果。最后对快速观察法的原理进行分析。结果表明，快速观察法可以快速和较为准确地反映真实的乳化水含量，快速观察法依据的原理主要有破乳剂的作用、环境温度压力的变化、油水表面张力的差异和乳状液体系中的分子间作用力。快速观察法的提出有效提高了油库运行和工作效率。

Rapid Observation Method and Principle Analysis of Emulsified Water Content

The emulsified water content of crude oil in oil depot must be determined before sale, and it can be sold only after reaching the standard. When the liquid production of the oilfield increases and the water content of the crude oil produced on site is too high, the treatment effect of the three-phase separator will deteriorate, affecting sales and work efficiency. In order to improve the operation quality and work efficiency of the oil depot, a rapid observation method of emulsified water content is proposed. According to the flow characteristics of crude oil on the inclined surface of the cylinder bottom, the emulsified water content range of the oil sample can be quickly estimated. In the experiment, the storage tank that has just filled with crude oil to be precipitated is selected. Starting from the vicinity of the oil outlet of the large tank, six 100 mL oil samples were taken from the bottom to the top, and the results of the rapid observation method and the test were compared. Finally, the principle of fast observation method is analyzed. The results show that the rapid observation method can quickly and accurately reflect the real emulsified water content. The principle of the rapid observation method is mainly based on the role of demulsifier, the change of ambient temperature and pressure, the difference of oil-water surface tension and the intermolecular force in the emulsion system. The rapid observation method effectively improves the operation and work efficiency of the oil depot.