高铁网络化时代典型旅游城市旅游流空间结构演化——以黄山市为例

交通对旅游流具有重要的导向作用,高铁作为近年来我国诞生的新兴地理要素,正在对区域旅游流空间结构产生重要影响。本研究聚焦高铁对典型旅游城市旅游流空间结构的影响,以黄山市为案例地,通过对高铁开通前(2015年4月)、高铁刚开通(2015年8月)、高铁运行两年(2017年7月)、高铁网络形成(2020年)四个时间节点的观测、调查和预测,结合3 600份调查问卷和955条旅行社在线旅游网站线路数据,借助Excel、SPSS、UCINET、ArcGIS、Photoshop等分析软件和研究方法,研究高铁网络化时代典型旅游城市旅游空间结构的演化过程。结果表明:①高铁刚开通,黄山市旅游流空间结构的变化并不明显。②高铁运行两年,黄山市旅游流网络规模不断扩大,网络密度逐渐降低,“核心-边缘”结构显著,核心区逐渐向高铁沿线城市转移,形成新的旅游发展轴线,网络整体合作水平上升,“旅游核心+高铁沿线城市”成为最主要的合作形式。黄山市的节点功能和区位优势不断提升,呈现极化发展趋势,对周边地区的辐射带动功能提升,高铁沿线城市的节点功能和区位优势普遍提升,成长为次级旅游中心和交通核心,非高铁沿线城市节点功能普遍下降。③预计到2020年,我国“八纵八横”高铁网络将建成,黄山市高铁网络持续优化,旅游流网络规模继续扩大,网络发育更加完善,沿高铁线路将形成多个环形核心区,边缘区将覆盖国内主要大中城市,黄山市与高铁沿线城市的合作关系持续增强,对周边旅游地的辐射功能亦不断提升。黄山市节点功能和区位优势再次提升,沿高铁网络将形成多个次级旅游中心、交通核心,高铁沿线城市的区位优势继续增强,整体网络的空间分布更加均衡。④高铁开通至运行两年,黄山市旅游空间结构逐渐由不均衡的“网状”结构演化为“网状+链状”结构,待2020年高铁网络基本成型,将再演化为“核心-边缘-飞地”圈层结构,核心区辐射半径扩大至900 km,旅游地系统进入结构合理、功能完备、稳定性好的成熟阶段。

Spatial Structure Evolution of Tourist Flow in Typical Tourist Cities in the Period of High-Speed Rail Networking:A Case Study of Huangshan City

Traffic plays an important role in guiding the tourist flow. High-speed railway, as a newly emerging geographical element in China, is having an important influence on the spatial structure of regional tourist flow. This study takes Huangshan City as a research area and focuses on the influence of the high-speed railway on the spatial structure of tourist flows in typical tourist cities, through observing, investigating and forecasting the tourist flow of four time nodes which are April 2015(before the opening of high-speed rail), August 2015(the newly opening of high-speed rail), July 2017(two years after its operation) and 2020(the formation of high-speed network), and combining with 3,600 questionnaires and 955 tour routes of travel agencies, this article analyzes the evolution process of the tourism spatial structure of typical tourist cities in the era of high-speed rail network utilizing Excel, SPSS, UCINET, ArcGIS,Photoshop. The results show that: 1) The space structure change of tourist flow in Huangshan City is not obvious when the high-speed railway is opened. 2) After the two-year operation of the high-speed railway, the scale of tourism flow network in Huangshan has been continuously expanded, the network density has been gradually reduced, the "core-edge" structure has been significant, and the core area has gradually shifted to cities along the high-speed rail and forms a new axis of tourism development. The overall level of cooperation in the network has increased, and core tourism cities cooperating with cities along the high-speed railway line are the main cooperation forms. The node function and location advantages of Huangshan City have been continuously improved, showing a trend of polarization development. The radiative driving function of the surrounding areas has been enhanced. The functions and location advantages of the cities along the high-speed railway have generally improved and become secondary tourism center and traffic core, and the function of urban nodes not along the high-speed railway has generally declined. 3) By 2020 high-speed railway network which is eight vertical high-speed rail lines and eight horizontal high-speed rail lines will be completed, the high-speed rail network in Huangshan City will continue to be optimized, the scale of tourist flow network will continue to expand,and the network development will be more complete. It will be formed multiple annular core areas along the high-speed rail line, and the edge area will cover major medium-sized cities domestically. The cooperation between Huangshan City and the cities along the high-speed rail line will continue to strengthen, and the radiation function of the surrounding tourism area will also continue to enhance. The node function and location advantages of Huangshan City will be upgraded once again, it will form several secondary tourism centers and transport cores along the high-speed railway.The advantages of the cities along the high-speed railways will continue to enhance, and the overall network space distribution will be more balanced. 4) After two-year operation, the spatial structure of tourism in Huangshan City gradually shifted from an unbalanced "net" to "net+chain" structure. By 2020, the high-speed rail network will basically take shape and will be transformed into "core-edge-enclave" ring layer structure, the radiation radius of the core area has been expanded to 900 km, and the tourism system enters the mature stage with reasonable structure, complete function and good stability.