中国数控机床产业国际竞争力比较研究——兼谈产业竞争力提升的价值链路径与平台路径

数控机床产业国际竞争力的强弱是影响制造业整体发展的“卡脖子”环节.文章首先采用国际市场占有率、贸易竞争指数和价格比率等指标量化呈现我国数控机床产业国际竞争力现状.结果 表明:尽管我国已是一个数控机床制造大国,但是大部分数控机床产品国际竞争力仍不强.数控机床制造大国体现在我国不少机床产品的国际市场占有率较高,但是在以贸易竞争指数和价格比率构建的二维矩阵中,国际市场占有率高的数控机床产品基本都落入“低附加值—低竞争力”象限.文章尝试通过量化数据搜寻我国数控机床产业竞争力提升可以参考的对标国及其发展路径.研究表明意大利和瑞士采用两条不同轨迹均实现从“低附加值—低竞争力”向“高附加值—高竞争力”的攀升.意大利代表数控机床产业竞争力提升的价值链路径,特点是适合低附加值产品向高附加值产品的渐进式攀升;瑞士代表数控机床产业竞争力提升的平台路径,特点是适合低竞争力产品向高竞争力产品的突破式发展.文章为产业升级研究提供一个整合性框架,特别是提出中国数控机床产业发展需要“梯度演进”思维,相对美日德发展经验,意大利和瑞士的发展策略或将具有更强的参考价值,数控机床产业升级需要立足价值链路径和平台路径的适用情境做相机选择.

International Competitiveness of China CNC Machine Tool Industry:The Path of Value Chain and Platform of Industry Competitiveness Promotion

The international competitiveness of the CNC machine tool industry is the bottleneck that affects the overall development of the manufacturing industry. This paper firstly uses the international market share, trade competition index and price ratio to quantify the current status of Chinese CNC machine tool industry’s international competitiveness. The analysis results show that although China is already a large CNC machine tool manufacturing country, the international competitiveness of most CNC machine tools is still not strong. Specifically, as a large-scale CNC machine tool manufacturing country, China has a high international market share in CNC machine products, but in the two-dimensional matrix constructed by the trade competition index and price ratio, China basically fall into the "low added value-low competitiveness" quadrant. This paper, on the basis of the quantitative data, attempts to search for the standard country and development path that can be referenced for promoting the competitiveness of China’s CNC machine tool industry.The results show that Italy and Switzerland have adopted two different trajectories to achieve a rise from "low added value-low competitiveness" to "high added value-high competitiveness". Italy represents the value chain path for the enhancement of the competitiveness of the CNC machine tool industry, Its value chain path is appropriate for the promotion of low value-added products;Switzerland represents the platform path for the enhancement of the competitiveness of the CNC machine tool industry and its platform path is suitable for breakthrough development of lowcompetitive products. This paper provides an integrated framework for industrial upgrading research, especially it needs "gradient evolution" on the development of China’s CNC machine tool industry, relative to the development of the United States and Japan, the development strategy of Italy and Switzerland has a stronger reference value. Based on the applicable situation of value chain path and platform path, China upgrades the CNC machine tool industry.