中国乡镇企业生产效率格局及重心轨迹演变

乡镇企业生产效率事关乡村发展及城乡融合进程。基于1990-2016年乡镇企业生产投入、产出相关数据,综合运用DEA模型、GIS空间分析及经济重心等研究方法,考察中国乡镇企业生产效率格局演变及其移动路径。研究显示:中国乡镇企业生产效率具有以下特征:①整个研究期内,3个效率指标均值基本呈波动下行发展态势;②综合技术效率偏低,纯技术效率水平略高,规模技术效率得分最高,且不同研究单元差异显著;③从三大空间效率均值排序来看,综合技术效率为东、中、西部,纯技术效率为东、西、中部,规模技术效率则较为随机;④综合技术效率和纯技术效率重心转移方向先后经历由东南向西南的演变,最终转移方向为东北。

Production Efficiency Pattern and Trajectory of the Gravity Center of Chinese Township Enterprises

The production efficiency of township enterprises is the key to the process of rural development and urbanrural integration. Based on the data of production input and output of township enterprises in 1990-2016 and applying the methods of the DEA model, GIS spatial analysis and economic gravity center, this article explores the pattern evolution of production efficiency and its moving path of Chinese township enterprises. The research shows that the production efficiency of Chinese township enterprises has the following characteristics: 1) During the whole research period, the average value of the three major efficiency indicators shows a downward trend of development. 2) The overall order of production efficiency indicators from high to low is scale technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and comprehensive technical efficiency, it has a significant difference in different research units. 3) The average value of comprehensive technical efficiency gradually decreases from the eastern region to the western region, the order of average value of pure technical efficiency from high to low is the eastern region, the western region and the central region, while the scale technical efficiency is relatively random. 4) The shift direction of comprehensive technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency has experienced the evolution path which is firstly from the southeast to the southwest and finally transfer to the northeast.