Golf course irrigation and self-sufficiency water in Southern Spain |
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| Affiliation: | 1. The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, Scotland AB15 8QH, United Kingdom;2. Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Land Unit, Pentland Court, The Saltire Centre, Glenrothes, Scotland KY6 2DA, United Kingdom;1. Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frb C, Copenhagen, Denmark;2. Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, I-35020 Agripolis – Legnaro (PD), Italy;1. Forest Research Centre, CIFOR-INIA, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, Science Building, University of Alcala, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;3. Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Stirling, United Kingdom;1. University of Adelaide, School of Architecture and Built Environment, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;2. University of South Australia, School of Natural and Built Environments, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;1. Clemson University, 247 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States;2. Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University, 146 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States;3. Clemson University, 229 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States;4. Sustainable Communities, Upstate Forever, 507 Pettigru Street, Greenville, SC 29601, United States;5. Clean Air & Water Program, Upstate Forever, 507 Pettigru Street, Greenville, SC 29601, United States |
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| Abstract: | During the first decade of the 21st century, many golf courses were developed in the Southeast of Spain, which greatly increased the number of these facilities. Almost all of these golf courses have been accompanied by large residential developments composed of thousands of dwelling units. This article seeks to identify the factors that influence golf courses’ water consumption and estimate the number of dwelling units that an associated residential development needs to have to provide the effluent necessary to fully meet the irrigation needs of a golf course. The study indicates that private golf courses achieve greater levels of irrigation efficiency than public golf courses and that the golf courses associated with residential developments subject the irrigation needs of the grassland to the sale requirements of the real estate properties. The study also estimates that a golf course requires approximately 3000 dwelling units with an average annual occupancy of 33% to achieve self-sufficiency for irrigation. |
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| Keywords: | Golf Irrigation Real estate Competition Reuse Spain |
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