马克思和凯恩斯的比较：有效需求问题探源

有效需求问题是市场经济或现代资本主义经济的核心问题。与强调技术关系分析的主流新古典理论不同，马克思经济学和凯恩斯经济学基于市场经济或资本主义竞争关系的博弈规则，表明了资本主义有效需求问题的根源，即利润率的下降或经济衰退来自于过高的资本存量价值或扭曲的收入分配。当前，有效需求问题也是我国宏观经济的核心问题，借鉴两位学者的分析解决我国市场经济的有效需求问题，将具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。

Comparison Between Marx and Keynes: Probe into the Root of Effective Demand

The problem of effective demand is the core of market economy or modern capitalist economy. Different from the neoclassical paradigm which emphasized on the technological relations and established its mainstream position in economics, Marxian economics and Keynesian economics, which were based on the games of competition relations in market economy, indicated the root of effective demand. That is, the decline of profit rate or the re- cession of economy comes from the high value of capital stock or some abnormal distribution of income. Nowadays, the problem of effective demand is also the core of macroeconomics in China. How to analyze and solve it by drawing lessons from the theory of effective demand in history will have profound significance.