面向流域的饮用水水源污染防治机制改革——以长江经济带为分析对象

饮用水水源污染防治是长江经济带水资源、水生态、水环境系统保护工程的重心之一。由于横向管理职权划分不清、纵向末端监管缺位，生态补偿制度缺位、罚则设计不当以及饮用水水源水质监测制度漏洞丛生等诸多原因，导致长江经济带饮用水水源污染呈现恶化趋势，主要表现为由局部性污染转向普遍性污染、由单一型城市污染转向城市农村复合型污染以及工农业点源、面源污染成为主要污染源。破解当前饮用水源污染防治监管困境应当借助创新管理体制、厘清横纵关系，健全饮用水水源生态补偿制度、增加违法成本和完善饮用水水源水质监测制度等多项措施协同展开。

Basin Oriented Reform of Drinking Water Source Pollution Prevention and Control Mechanism: Taking Yangtze River Economic Belt as the Analysis Object

The prevention and control of drinking water source pollution is one of the focuses of water resources, water ecology and water environment protection project of Yangtze River economic belt. Due to unclear horizontal management authority division, the absence of longitudinal end regulation and ecological compensation system, improper punishment design, and the loopholes of drinking water source water quality monitoring system and other reasons, the pollution of the Yangtze River economic belt and drinking water sources showed a trend of worsening, which were mainly manifested on local pollution turning to universality pollution, single city type pollution turning to urban rural compounded type pollution, point and non-point sources of industrial and agricultural pollution become the main sources of pollution. The solution to the current drinking water pollution prevention dilemma should conduct innovative management system, clarify the relationship between transverse and longitudinal relationship, improve the ecological compensation system for drinking water source, increase illegal costs and complete the system of water quality monitoring of drinking water source.