重商,还是抑商?——新重商主义背景下对于重商主义商业观的历史分析

在经济思想史的传统框架中,重商主义被视为一种强调商品经济发展的经济理论。特朗普就任美国总统以来,通过经济政策上回归重商主义,利用一系列的贸易保护和就业保护政策以实现再工业化,从而导致新重商主义在全球经济领域复苏。通过对于重商主义经济思想的回溯与分析,本文发现,作为一门民族国家的经济发展理论,重商主义虽然在政策上强调行政干预和政府垄断,在商业史观上强调对商品贸易的管制,但其政策效果对于制造业的发展却优先于商业经济发展;不但没有把商业经济纳入国家经济发展的核心动力,反而在较长的时间内抑制了商业贸易的发展,显得重商主义名不符实。重商主义作为资本主义经济成长初期的重要经济理论,更多地表现为追求国家经济崛起、财政收入增长的国家发展主义,其价值绝非简单的封闭保护主义。在今天经济全球化分工的体系下,所谓的新重商主义更多地表现为以贸易保护为名的贸易单边主义和霸凌主义,其与重商主义时代扶持民族幼稚产业成长、构筑民族产业体系的政策目标大不相同。

Promoting or Resisting the Merchant? A Historical Analysis of Mercantilism′s Commercial Theory under the Background of New-Mercantilism

In the framework of the traditional history of economic thought,the mercantilism was regarded as a theory of emphasizing the commodity economy.Since Trump became president of the United States,he came up to the mercantilism in the choosing of the policy:protecting the trade and the employment to achieve the reindustrialization,and get the revival of the new-mercantilism all around the world.Through the retrospection and analysis of mercantilism economic thought,this paper finds that,as a national country′s economic development theory,mercantilism emphasizes administrative intervention and government monopoly in policy,and controls commodity trade in commercial history,but its policy effect is prior to the development of manufacturing industry;it not only did not bring the commercial economy into the core power of the national economic development,but also restrained the development of commercial trade for a long time,which was not worthy of the name of mercantilism.Mercantilism,as an important economic theory in the early stage of capitalist economic growth,is more manifested in the pursuit of national economic growth and fiscal revenue growth,and its value is not simply closed protectionism.In today′s system of economic globalization and division of labor,the so-called new mercantilism is more manifested as trade unilateralism and hegemonism in the name of trade protection,which is quite different from the policy objectives of supporting the growth of national infant industries and building national industrial system in the era of mercantilism.